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Biology Topic 2 Organisation > Princaples Of Organisaton > Flashcards

Princaples Of Organisaton Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cells

A

Basic Building blocks that make up all living organism

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2
Q

What is a tissue and example

A

Group of cells with a similar structure or function
Eg Muscular Tissue (contracts to move whatever it’s attached to

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3
Q

What is an organ and example

A

Group of differnt tissues that work together to perform a certain function Eg stomach is organ made of these tissues muscular ( moved the stomach wall to churn up food

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4
Q

What is a organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function
Eg Digestive system has glands , stomach ,small intestine, liver

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5
Q

The bladder is a organ explain what this means

A

It’s made up of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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6
Q

What are enzymes and what do they do

A

Large proteins made up of a chain of amino acids
Catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of the active site
Enzymes are biological catalysts and speed up useful chemical reactions

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7
Q

What happens if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site

A

The reaction won’t be catalysed

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8
Q

What does it mean for the enzyme to be denatured

A

Higher temp increases rate at first but if it gets too hot some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break which changes the shape of the enzymes active site so the substrate won’t fit any more

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9
Q

Why do enzymes have a optimum Ph

A

If the pH is too high or too low it can interfere with the bonds holding the enzyme together which changes the shape of the active site and denatures the enzyme

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10
Q

What’s a buffer solution

A

Solution to control the pH

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11
Q

What solutions do u need for the enzyme activity experiment

A

Amylase and starch

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12
Q

Why do u place the test tubes in a water bath at 30degrees

A

Leave them for ten mins so they can reach the correct temp

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13
Q

What do u use to transfer one drop of solution to a well in the spotting tile which contains iodine

A

Stirring rod

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14
Q

When do we stop taking samples

A

Till the iodine remains orange (no starch present

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15
Q

When repeat the experiment what things do u change

A

Differnt pH buffers

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16
Q

Problems

A

Samples every 30 seconds so only have approximate time for reaction to
complete

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17
Q

Problems and how to address it

A

Colour change tends to be gradual so difficult to see when reaction has finished
Ask several people to look at the spotting tile and decide when reaction is complete

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18
Q

Rate of Reaction

A

1000 divided by time

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19
Q

What do digestive enzymes do

A

Break big molecules (starch protein and fats ) into smaller ones like sugars (eg glucose and maltose) , amino acids , glycerol , fatty acids so that they can be pass easily through the walls of the digestive system and be absorbed in the blood stream

20
Q

What does amylase (an example
Of carbohydrase) do

A

Break down starch into things like maltose or other sugars

21
Q

Where is amylase made

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine

22
Q

What does protease do

A

Break proteins into amino acids

23
Q

Where are protease made

A

The stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

24
Q

What do Lipase do

A

Convert lipids into Glycerol and Fatty acids

25
Q

Where is lipase made

A

Pancreas
Small intestine

26
Q

What are the products of digestion used for

A

To build new carbs lipids and proteins
Some glucose is used in respiration

27
Q

Where is bile made

A

In the liver and stored in the gall bladder before it’s released into the small intestine

28
Q

Bile is alkaline . eXplain what this does

A

Neutralises hydrochloric acids from the stomach and makes conditions alkaline so enzymes work best
Emulsifies fats to form small droplets which increase the surface area which makes fat breakdown by lipase faster

29
Q

Bile is a product of the liver
Describe and explain its role in digestion

A

Bile is alkaline so it neutralises the stomach acid and makes conditions in the small intestine alkaline.
The enzymes of the small intestine work best in these alkaline conditions
Also emulsifies fats which gives a bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on making digestion faster

30
Q

What does different enzymes do

A

Catalyse breakdown of different food molecules

31
Q

Function of salivary glands

A

Produce amylase enzyme in saliva

32
Q

Function of liver

A

Where bile is produced

33
Q

Function of gall bladder

A

Where bile is stored before it’s released into small intestine

34
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Where excess water is absorbed from the food

35
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Produces protease amylase and lipase enzymes and then releases into the small intestine

36
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Produces protease amylase and lipase
Where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood

37
Q

Function of rectum

A

Where the faeces are
Stored before they farewell thru anus

38
Q

Function of stomach

A

Pummels food with its muscular walls
Produces protease enzyme (pepsin)
Produces hydrochloric acid to kill
Bacteria and give the right pH for portease enzymes to work

39
Q

Three parts of the digestive system that produce protease enzymes

A

Stomach pancreas and small intestine

40
Q

Why do u need oxygen in ur bloodstream

A

To supply cells for respiration

41
Q

Where does the air you breathe in go through

A

The trachea which splits into two tubes called bronchi

42
Q

What are alveoli

A

Millions of little air sacs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries

43
Q

What do rings of cartilage do

A

Prevent trachea from collapsing during inhalation

44
Q

What does oxygen do

A

It diffuses into the blood out of the alveolus and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveolus

45
Q

Adaptions of
Alveoli

A

Millions of
Alveoli so lungs have huge surface area
Thin walls so diffusion path is short
Good blood supply

46
Q

How does breathing increase the rate of diffusion

A

Brings fresh oxygen into the alveoli and takes away carbon Dioxide which
Makes the concentration gradients night for theses gasses

Biology Topic 2 Organisation (1 decks)

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