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PRIN > PRIN 1 The Body > Flashcards

PRIN 1 The Body Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

A

Lungs & Alveolar walls
Lining of GU
Liver
Bladder

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2
Q

How does endoderm form?

A

Epiblast cells push hypoblast cells and create new layer in its place

Hypoblast cells become lining of yolk sac and give rise to germ cells

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3
Q

Trimesters of Pregancy

A

(1) 0-14
(2) 14-27
(3) 28-40
note: 42+ = post-term

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4
Q

GTPAL

A

(G) # of times preg

(T) # preg carried to term 37-42 GA

(P) # of preg delivered preterm 20-36 GA

(A) # of preg <20

(L) # of living

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5
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm

A

forms between somite and lateral plate mesoderm

gives rise to urinary & genital systems

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6
Q

Primitive Streak

A

GASTRULATION

*Prim Streak = region where cells are detaching from epiblast layer (migrating in)

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7
Q

Pregnancy Dating Methods

A

(1) LMP

(2) Early Pre US
8 -14 weeks - most accurate

(3) Blood (7 days), Urine (2 wks)
Detect hcG: diagnostic for preg only (not for dating)

(4) Physical Exam (grapefruit …)

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8
Q

What does the obstetrical history include?

A

(1) Previous Preterm Deliveries
(2) Previous C-sections
(3) GTPAL

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9
Q

Where is C8?

A

Below C7

Above T1

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10
Q

Somite Mesorderm gives rise to …

A

spinal cord
dermis
muscles of back, body walls, limbs

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11
Q

Somatic Mesorderm gives rise to ..

A

peritoneum

pleura

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12
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm is comprised of:

A

SOMATIC M.
peritoneum
pleura

SPLANCHNIC M.
Mesenteries
Muscles of GI

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13
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm gives rise to …

A

Mesenteries

Muscles of GI

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14
Q

Mesoderm

A

Bone, Blood, Muscle, Kidneys, Gonads, Dermis of Skin

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15
Q

Inner Cell Mass becomes …

A

Epiblast (top)

Hypoblast (bottem)

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16
Q

What is the susceptible period for a fetus to teratogens?

A

2-10 weeks embryonic age

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17
Q

What is Nuchal-translucency?

A
  • method to detect DS
  • US: 11-14 weeks
  • looking at thickness of skin at back of neck
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18
Q

Normal Symptoms & Signs in 1st Trimester

A

Fatigue
Bloating
1 to 2 kg weight gain

  • 12 weeks: Fetal Heart detectable by Doptone
  • 16-40 weeks: Feel fetal movements
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19
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A 
Est Due Date = 
First day of LMP
- 3 months
\+ 7 days
\+1 yr
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20
Q

Ectoderm

A

CNS & Neural Crest
PNS
Epidermis of Skin
Teeth

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21
Q

When does sex determination occur in developing fetus?

A

8th week

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22
Q

How does mesoderm form?

A

Some Epiblast cells lose their attachment. Results in 2 different layers:

(1) Mesoderm
(2) Ectoderm

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23
Q

What is located between the two products of the Lateral Plate Mesoderm?

A

(somatic mesoderm)

Cavity: COELOM:
*forms body cavities: pericardial, pleural, abdominal

(splanchnic mesoderm)

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24
Q

Diaphragm arises from …

A

Septum Transversum

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25
Q

Anatomy of Blastula

A

Trophoblast around outside
Inner Cell Mass (inside)
Inner yolk sac (inside)

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26
Q

What surrounds the blastula?

A

Zona Pellucida

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27
Q

What does the Trophoblast eventually become?

A

Placenta

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28
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Implantation outside of the uterus

29
Q

Epiblast turns into …

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

30
Q

Hypoblast turns into …

A

Germ Cells

31
Q

“When should I feel my baby move?”

A

about week 16

32
Q

When is the gender of the fetus determined?

A

Week 8

33
Q

What is the mid-gut herniation?

A
  • Normal event during pregnancy
  • gut grows FIRST and abdominal cavity then catches up
  • can possibly cause congenital problems
34
Q

Even for the normal, healthy 25 yr old mom having a baby, there is always WHAT risk of abnormalities?

A

3-5%

35
Q

What are the developmental Periods?

A

0-2 weeks is preembryonic
2-8 is embryonic
8+ is fetal

36
Q

When does the the zona pellucida finally break down?

A

When it is the correct time for implantation

37
Q

What induces neurulation?

A

Notocord

38
Q

What happens if mom doesn’t get enough folate during pregnancy?

A

Neural tubes won’t close on either end and we get spina bifida

39
Q

What is Anacephaly?

A

“without head”

actually, does have head, but it is the brain that is missing

40
Q

What does the Neural Crest become?

A

PNS

41
Q

In the gastrulation diagram, what is the long line that is seen?

A 
TOP
(1) Primitive Node (round thing)
(2) Primitive Pit
(3) Primitive Streak
BOTTOM
42
Q

What does the notocord become?

A

becomes the intervertebral discs

43
Q

When do we get the Trilaminar Embryo?

A

Gastrulation (week 3)

44
Q

What is the notocord derived from?

A

Mesoderm

45
Q

What are the 3 “tomes” of the Somites?

A

MYOTOME
skeletal muscles

DERMATOME
CT, dermis

SCLEROTOME
vertebrae, ribs

46
Q

In the Blastula, what is above and below the inner cell mass (but surrounded by the trophoblast)?

A

Potential Amniotic Cavity (above)

Potential Yolk Sac (below)

47
Q

How often do prenatal care visits occur?

A
  • Every 4 weeks until 28 weeks
  • Every 2 weeks 28-36 weeks
  • Every week until delivery

(aka, 1/month during Trimesters 1&2. Every other week for first 2 months of Tri3, followed by every week for last month)

48
Q

Drug Exposure Classification System

A 
A = NO risk
B = No evidence of human risk
C = Risk cannot be ruled out
D = Positive evidence of risk
E = Contraindicated (methotrexate, accutane)
49
Q

When does screening for structural abnormalities occur?

A

Weeks 18-22

2nd trimester US

50
Q

What is amelia?

A

Absence of limbs

51
Q

When is Chorionic Viili Sampling performed?

A

10-12 weeks

end of first trimester

52
Q

When is Amniocentesis performed?

A

15 - 20 weeks

53
Q

What does the Notocord do?

A

Induces overlying ectoderm to form the neural plate, the initial event in the process of neurulation

54
Q

Brain is derived from …

A

Ectoderm

55
Q

Epidermis of skin is derived from …

A

Ectoderm

56
Q

Spinal Cord is derived from …

A

Ectoderm

57
Q

Heart is derived from …

A

Mesoderm

58
Q

smooth muscle of intestinal wall is derived from …

A

Mesoderm

59
Q

skeletal muscle is derived from …

A

Mesoderm

60
Q

intestinal epithelium is derived from …

A

Endoderm

61
Q

When does the neural tube close?

A

Week 6

62
Q

The kidneys are derived from what primary germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

63
Q

The lungs are derived from what primary germ layer?

A

Endoderm

64
Q

The intestinal epithelium is derived from what primary germ layer?

A

Endoderm

65
Q

Which organ starts to differentiate first during development?

A

Brain

66
Q

Liver is derived from ….

A

Endoderm

67
Q

When I have rolled my ankle in the past, it has been due to what movement?

A

Inversion

68
Q

Thumb flat on the table … now lift up the thumb. What movement is that?

A

Abduction

69
Q

Order of Speed of Receptors from Fast to Slow

A

(1) Ion Channel
(2) G-Protein
(3) Receptors coupled to Enzymes
(4) Intracellular

PRIN (13 decks)

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