Primrose Kitten's C2 Revision Cards

Question 1

Describe how a metal conducts electricity (2)

Answer 1

In a metal, positive ions sit in a sea of delocalised electrons
These electrons can move freely, therefore conducting electricity

Question 2

Describe the structure of an alloy (3)

Answer 2

Alloys are hard
They are made up of different sized atoms which lead to distorted layers
These layers cannot slide

Question 3

Describe and explain the properties of graphite (4)

Answer 3

Graphite only makes 3 Carbon-Carbon bonds
It has a ‘spare’ electron which floats between the layers, this allows for electricity to be conducted
Atoms are arranged in layers, which means graphite is soft as these layers can slide

Question 4

Describe the structure and bonding in thermosoftening polymers (2)

Answer 4

Polymer chains not held together as there are no cross links

This means they can become soft and melt when heated

Question 5

Describe the bonding in an ionic compound (6)

Answer 5

(If given a named example in the exam you must refer to it)

The metal loses X number of electrons and becomes a positive ion
The non-metal gain X number of electrons becoming a negative ion
They now both have full outer shells
Also give the formula of the compound

Question 6

Using an example describe the properties of a simple covalent compound (3)

Answer 6

Examples you need to know: Oxygen gas, Water, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Chlorine gas

weak intermolecular forces
low melting/boiling points
does not conduct electrcity

Question 7

Describe the properties of an ionic compound (2)

Answer 7

High melting/boiling point

Only conducts electricity when molten or dissolved

Question 8

Describe the bonding in a giant covalent compound (3)

Answer 8

Large structure
Strong covalent bonds
No free ions

Question 9

Describe the structure of pure metal (3)

Answer 9

Pure metals are soft
Atoms are arranged in layers
These layers can slide over each other (which is how they are soft)

Question 10

What is the difference in bonding between diamond and graphite (3)

Answer 10

Both are made from pure carbon
Diamond has 4 C-C bonds
Graphite has 3 C-C bonds
Diamond does not conduct electricity
Graphite does conduct electricity due to delocalised electrons

Question 11

Describe the structure and bonding in a thermosetting polymer (2)

Answer 11

Held together by cross links

hard and rigid

Question 12

Describe the bonding in a simple covalent compound (3)

Answer 12

Weak intermolecular forces of attraction
Do not require much energy to separate them
Low melting/boiling point

Question 13

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding? (4)

Answer 13

Ionic bonding is between a METAL and a NON-METAL
Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons
Covalent bonding is between a NON-METAL and a NON-METAL
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons