Primitive Reflexes Flashcards
Rooting
Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 3 months
Stimulus: Stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip
Response: Movement of the tongue, mouth, and/or head toward stimulus
Suck-Swallow
Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 2-5 months
Stimulus: Place examiner’s index finger inside infant’s mouth with head in midline
Response: Strong, rhythmical sucking
Traction
Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 2-5 months
Stimulus: Grasp infant’s forearms and pull-to-sit
Response: Complete flexion of upper extremities
Moro
Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Rapidly drop infant’s head backward
Response: First phase: arm extension/ abduction, hand opening Second phase: arm flexion and adduction
Plantar grasp
Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 9 months
Stimulus: Apply pressure with thumb on the infant’s ball of the foot
Response: Toe flexion
Galant
Onset: 32 weeks gestation
Integration: 2 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with finger, from shoulders to buttocks
Response: Lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side
Asymmetric tonic neck
Onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Fully rotate infant’s head and hold for 5 seconds
Response: Extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side
Palmar grasp
Onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months
Stimulus: place examiner’s finger in infants palm
Response: Flinger flexion; reflexive grasp
Tonic labyrinthine- Supine
Onset: >37 weeks gestation
Integration: 6 months
Stimulus: Place infant in supine
Response: Increased extensor tone
Tonic Labyrinthine- Prone
Onset: > 37 weeks gestation
Integration: 6 months
Stimulus: Place infant in prone
Response: Increased flexor tone
Labyrinthine/ optical (head) righting
Onset: birth- 2 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 deg) to the side, forward or backward
Response: Upright positioning of the head
Landau
Onset: 3-4 months
Integration: 12- 24 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
Response: Complete extension of head, trunk and extremities
Symmetric tonic neck
Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 8-12 months
Stimulus: Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
Response: Flexion of hips and knees
Neck righting (NOB)
Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: Place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Response: Log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
Body right (on body) (BOB)
Onset:4-6 months
Integration: 5 years
Stimulus: Place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest hold briefly
Response: Segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
Downward parachute (protective extension downward)
Onset: 4 months
Integration: Persists
Stimulus: Rapidly infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
Response: Extension of the lower extremities
Forward parachute ( protective extension forward)
Onset: 6-9 months
Integration: Persists
Stimulus: Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response: Sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension.
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideways)
Onset: 7 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
Response: Arm extension and abduction to the side
Backward parachute (protective extension backward)
Onset: 9-10 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Response: Backward arm extension or arm extension to one side spinal rotation
Prone tilting
Onset: 5 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: After positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Supine tilting
Onset: 7-8 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: After positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/ extension of arms and legs
Quadruped tilting
Onset: 9-12 months
Integration: persists
Stimulus: AFter positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surfaces
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/ extension of arms legs
Standing tilting
Onset: 12-21 months
Integration: Persists
Stimulus: After positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (oppositie to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
