Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

hudfgbhsdjhadoj; > Primery & Secondery Survey > Flashcards

Primery & Secondery Survey Flashcards

Primery & Secondry Survey and Ongoing Observations / Life signs

1
Q

What Acronym Is Used For The Primary Survey

A

DR C A (W/ C-Spine) B C D E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Does The First ‘D’ stand for in DRCABCDE

A

DANGER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the D (Danger) Part of the primary survey what do you need to think/do

A
  • Is the area safe
  • Am I safe
  • Do I have the correct PPE
  • Put Gloves On
  • look around for potential clues to mechanism of injury (including people)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does R (response) of the primary survey mean you do

A
  • Does the mechanism of injury indicate C-Spine
  • approach from feet
  • Place hand on head to protect spine from movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does R in DR C ABCDE stand for

A

Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the first C in DR C ABCDE stand for

A

Catastrophic Haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does A in DR C ABCDE stand for

A

Airway and C-Spine Consideration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you have to do during A in DR C ABCDE

A
  • Check/Clear Airway
  • Open Airway
  • Maintain Airway
  • Protect C-Spine
    Treat before moving on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can C-Spine be protected and opened during and after primary Survey

A

Manual inline stabilization
Jaw thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If there is no likelihood of C-Spine how can airway be opened

A

Head tilt chin lift or jaw thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What could be used to maintain an airway in an unconscious or semi-conscious casualty

A
  • Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) for unconscious and not needing respiratory support
  • Nasopharyngeal (NPA) for unconscious and semi-unconscious casualties and not needing respiratory support
  • i-gel for deeply unconscious with need of respiratory support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How and when is an OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway) used

A
  • Unconscious casualties without needing respiratory support
  • Apply; Invert, Insert & Rotate
  • measured from jaw bone to center of incisors
    -if casualty rejects remove and try NPA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How and when is an NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) used

A
  • unconscious and semi-unconscious casualties without needing respiratory support
  • size 6mm for the average female
  • size 7mm for the average male
  • lube well
  • insert by pushing and twisting in a vertical direction toward the ground NOT forehead
  • do not force nose bleed can cause airway obstruction
  • can be used alongside OPA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is an i-gel used

A

Deeply unconscious casualty with need for respiratory support
Cardiac arrest, drug OD, Head injury, severe hypothermia and respiratory insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Does ‘B’ stand for in DRCABCDE

A

Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do you have to do in ‘B of the primary survey

A
  • Watch (for chest rise and fall)
  • Listen (for breathing/respetory distres)
  • Feel (for breath and tummy moving)
  • check for breathing for no longer than 10 seconds
  • Check for 20/30 seconds to count breaths
  • Through assessment of the chest (Twelve Flaps)
  • Oxygen if appropriate (15L per minute, non-rebreath mask)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do you do if there are no signs of breathing

A
  • Start CPR
  • Attach AED
  • if pulse use BVM or i-gel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an adults normal breathing rate

A

12-18 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what breathing rate would you start assisted breathing

A

<8 breaths per minute unless severe hypothermia
Use BVM
30> serious but not treatable outside hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is respiratory distress

A

Noisy breathing, use of accessory muscles (neck and shoulders)

21
Q

What is the acronym “TWELVE FLAPS” used for

A

Thorough assessment of the chest for life threatening injury

22
Q

What does the acronym TWELVE FLAPS mean

A

TWELVE
- T: Tracheal Deviation
- W: Wounds; Front, Sides, Back
- E: Emphysema (air in tissue, feels crackly
- L: Laryngeal Trauma (bruising or injury around Adams Apple)
- V: Vein distention in neck
- E: Evaluate chest injuries

FLAPS (incorporated in W)
- F: Feel chest wall
- L: Look for injury; bruising, abrasion, uneven shape, hole in chest wall, asymmetric movement
- A: Armpits
- P: Palpte; back, front, Sides for tenderness and unevenness
- S: Sides (as above)

23
Q

What Does the second ‘C’ stand for in DRCABCDE

A

Circulation

24
Q

What do you do in the circulation part of the primary survey

A
  • Pulse; rate, rhythm, strength
  • Central Capillary Refill Time (CRT); forehead or center of chest. 5 seconds pressure.
  • External and Internal haemorrhage (one on the floor and four more)
  • Haemorrhagic Shock
25
Q

How/where do you take capillary refill, and what are the expected numbers?

A

Forehead or center of chest. Hold 5 seconds of pressure.
Refill of 2 seconds or less is normal

26
Q

How do you check for external and internal hemorrhage?

A

“one on the floor and four more”
- run hands under casualty and inside waterproofs. (Soft ground can hide blood loss and hard surfaces make it look worse)
- Chest (Haemothorax)
- Abdominal Cavity 4 quadrants (Feel for tenderness and firmness)
- Pelvic Fracture (History, gentle feel for deformity) splint if in doubt
-Long bones (look and feel for shortening, abnormal position, bone visible, thigh deformity)

27
Q

What are the signs of Haemorrhagic Shock

A
  • Pulse >120 (or steadily increasing)
  • raised respiratory rate (> normal)
  • skin colour (pale, sweaty, cold, clammy)
  • feels faint on sitting up (altered conscious or confusion)
28
Q

How to deal with hemorrhagic shock

A
  • Lie casualty down, raise legs (if no spinal or Pelvic injury suspected)
  • high flow oxygen
29
Q

What are normal and abnormal pulse rates?

A
  • Serious Low: <45
  • Concerning Low: 45-54
  • Acceptable: 55-100
  • Concerning High: 101-120
  • Serious High: >120
30
Q

What are normal and concerning capillary refill times

A
  • Acceptable: <2
  • conserning: 3
  • serious: >4
31
Q

What does the second ‘D’ in DR C ABCDE stand for

A

Disability

32
Q

What do you do/check under ‘Disability’ of the primary survey

A
  • Conscious Level (AVPU/GCS)
  • Head / Brain Injury (Trauma/Stroke)
  • Pupils (PEARL)
  • BM (Blood Glucose )
  • Temperature
33
Q

What does AVPU stand for

A

Conscious levels
- A: Alert
- C: Confused
- V: responds to Voice
- P: responds to Pain
- U: Unresponsive

34
Q

What does PEARL stand for and what are you looking for

A

Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light

  • Shape of Pupils
  • Size of pupils (mm)
  • similar size pupils
  • both pupils react to light (when shone into each eye)
35
Q

What is normal pupil size

A
  • concerning low: 1
  • Acceptable: 2-5 mm
  • concerning high: >6
36
Q

What is a normal and concerning BM (blood glocouse)

A
  • serious low: <3
  • concerning low: 3-3.9
  • acceptable: 4-8 mmol
  • concerning high : 8.1 - 16
  • serious high: >16
37
Q

What is normal and concerning temperature

A
  • Serious Low: <32
  • Concerning Low: 32.1-34.9
  • Acceptable: 35 - 37.5
  • Concerning High: 37.6-39
  • Serious High: <39.1
38
Q

What does E in DR C ABCDE stand for

A

Environment / exposure

39
Q

What do you do in E in the primary survey

A
  • Consider shelter
  • keep casualty warm
40
Q

What is normal and concerning blood oxygen levels (SpO2)

A
  • Serious: <91%
  • Concerning: 92% - 95%
  • Acceptable: >96%
41
Q

What is the secondary survey

A

A thorough head to toe assessment as extension of the primary survey once casualty is stable

42
Q

What Primary things are checked In the secondary survey

A
  • C-Spine (asses and immobilise)
  • breathing (depth and sounds)
  • circulation (minor wounds, pulse Strength and regular)
  • Limbs ( distal pulse and CRT, movement and sensation, reduction, splinting)
  • Sample history
    -clues (medical alerts, suerch bags and pockets)
  • monitor / retake stats
  • Pain assessment
    -GCS
43
Q

What are normal and concerning GCS

A
  • Serious: < 12
  • Concerning: 13-14
  • acceptable: 15
44
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for

A

SAMPLE history
- S: Symptoms
- A: Allergies
- M: Medication
- P: Past Illnesses
- L: Last Meal/Drink
- E: Event leading to

45
Q

What Acronym is used for pain assessment

A

O P Q R S T U

46
Q

What does OPQRSTU stand for

A
  • O: Onset (sudden/gragual)
  • P: Provocation (what makes it worse)
  • Q: Quality (e.g. stabbing)(getting worse/no change)
  • R: Radiation
  • S: Severity (pain score)
  • T: Time (when it started)
  • U: You (what does the casualty think it is)
47
Q

What are the scores for eye opening on GCS

A

Eyes open to:
- 4 Alert
- 3 Verbal
- 2 Pain
- 1 No response

48
Q

What are the scores for Verbal on GCS

A
  1. No Respose
  2. Groans
  3. Single Words
  4. Confused
  5. Orientated
49
Q

What are the scores for Motor on GCS

A
  1. None
  2. Extention
  3. Abnormal Flexion
  4. Withdraw From Pain
  5. Localises Pain Site
  6. Obeys Commands

hudfgbhsdjhadoj; (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions