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Primate Evolutionary Ecology and Taxonomy > Primate Taxonomy and Distribution > Flashcards

Primate Taxonomy and Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

Platyrrhini Bahavior

A

All diurnal except for Aotus
Almost exlcusively arboreal
social systems and diet vary tremendously

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2
Q

Platyrrhini morphology

A 
Small bodied 
flat nose with sideways facing nostrils 
3 premolars dental formula 2. 1. 3. 3
ring like ear
some have prehensile tails
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3
Q

Platyrrhini

A 
New world monkeys
Cebidae
              Cebinae
               Callitrichinae
Atelidae
Pitheciidae
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4
Q

Anthropoidea Bahvior

A

Mostly diurnal

even more coplex behaviors and social relationships

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5
Q

Anthropoida Morphology

A 
Larger bodies and brains than strep and tars
greater orbital frontality
complete postorbital closure
fused mandible
fused frontal bone
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6
Q

Bahavior Tarsiiformes

A

Nocturnal
Arboreal
Faunivorous
some monogamy, some multi female mating

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7
Q

Tarsiiformes morphology

A 
small bodied 
unfused mandible
grooming claw
no tooth comb
partial postorbital closure
no tapetum lucidum
dry rhinarium
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8
Q

Haplorhine Beahavior

A

More complex bahaviors and soial relationships

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9
Q

Haplorhines Morphology

A 
Larger bodies and brains than strep.
greater orbital frontality
cranial blood flow through promontory artery
no naked rhinarium
no tapetum lucidum
unicornuate uterus 
postorbital closure
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10
Q

Haplorhines

A

Tarsiers
Monkeys
Apes

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11
Q

Lorises and Galagos Beahavior

A

Nocturnal
Often Solitary
Strictly arboreal
feed on fruit, gum

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12
Q

Lemur Behavior

A 
Nocturnal or diurnal
solitary and gregarious
arboreal and terrestrial 
mainly frugivorous
occupy many niches
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13
Q

strepsirrhine derived traits

A

tooth comb

grooming claw

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14
Q

Strepsirrhine morphology Ancestral traits

A 
Maked, moist rhinarium and split upper lip
Greater emphasis on olfaction
ring-like external ear bone
unfused mandible
tapetum lucidum
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15
Q

Strepsirrhines

A

Lemurs

Lorises and Galagos

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16
Q

Snake detection theory

A

Isbell

Snakes already present when mammals evolve and only potential predator
eveolve anti predation skills
evolution of venom provided impetus for primate evolution
Aboreality and frugivory allowed primates to evolve orbital frontation and visual acuity to avoid snakes

17
Q

Angio sperm radiaiton theory

A

Conroy
Sudden explosion of flowering plants lead to new niches and foods that primates took advantage of
BUT angiosperms evolved millions of years before primates

18
Q

Catmill

A

Comparative study of arboreal adaptations in mammals- most nonprimate tree dwelleers do not look like primates
Optic convergence is characterisics of predators- looked at predatory behavior of microcebus, loris, and tarsius
olfactory reduciton as side effect of shoving together eye sockets

19
Q

Visual predation theory

A

Catmill (1974)

20
Q

Le Gros Clark

A

Studied tree shrews, thought were primtiive primates lacking grasping hands, nails, and fontated eyes
Not a suite of traits but tendencies tward such traits

21
Q

Smith and wood Jones

A

Distinctive primate traits adaptations to living in the trees
keen eyes to run and leap around on branches
large brains to plan and follow 3d paths

22
Q

Arboreal Lifestyle theory

A

Smith and wood jones

Le Gros Clark

23
Q

Derived traits

A

Postorbital bar, nails, single pair of mammory glands, petrosla auditory bulla

24
Q

ancestral traits

A

5 digits in hands and feet, generalized dentition and postcranial skeleton, retention of the clavical

25
Q

how many digits

A

5

26
Q

generaloized dentition

A

lack of spcialization,

27
Q

Long life histories

A

particularly immaturity

28
Q

brain enlargement

A

neocortex

29
Q

De-emphasis on olfaction

A

shortening of snout, deregulation of olfactory genes

30
Q

Emphasis on vision

A

orbital frontation, steroscopic vision, color vision

31
Q

Euarchonta

A

Dermoptera, flying lemars, SCandentia, tree shrews

32
Q

Phylum

A

Chordata

33
Q

Classification of Primates

A

Order

34
Q

Where do primates live

A

typically the tropics but some intemperate areas

35
Q

Platyrrhini

A

New world monkeys

Cebidae

36
Q

Platyrrhini

A

New world monkeys

Cebidae

37
Q

Platyrrhini

A

New world monkeys

Cebidae

38
Q

Platyrrhini Bahavior

A

All diurnal except for Aotus
Almost exlcusively arboreal
social systems and diet vary tremendously

Primate Evolutionary Ecology and Taxonomy (11 decks)

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