Primate Taxonomy and Distribution Flashcards
Platyrrhini Bahavior
All diurnal except for Aotus
Almost exlcusively arboreal
social systems and diet vary tremendously
Platyrrhini morphology
Small bodied flat nose with sideways facing nostrils 3 premolars dental formula 2. 1. 3. 3 ring like ear some have prehensile tails
Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
Cebidae
Cebinae
Callitrichinae
Atelidae
PitheciidaeAnthropoidea Bahvior
Mostly diurnal
even more coplex behaviors and social relationships
Anthropoida Morphology
Larger bodies and brains than strep and tars greater orbital frontality complete postorbital closure fused mandible fused frontal bone
Bahavior Tarsiiformes
Nocturnal
Arboreal
Faunivorous
some monogamy, some multi female mating
Tarsiiformes morphology
small bodied unfused mandible grooming claw no tooth comb partial postorbital closure no tapetum lucidum dry rhinarium
Haplorhine Beahavior
More complex bahaviors and soial relationships
Haplorhines Morphology
Larger bodies and brains than strep. greater orbital frontality cranial blood flow through promontory artery no naked rhinarium no tapetum lucidum unicornuate uterus postorbital closure
Haplorhines
Tarsiers
Monkeys
Apes
Lorises and Galagos Beahavior
Nocturnal
Often Solitary
Strictly arboreal
feed on fruit, gum
Lemur Behavior
Nocturnal or diurnal solitary and gregarious arboreal and terrestrial mainly frugivorous occupy many niches
strepsirrhine derived traits
tooth comb
grooming claw
Strepsirrhine morphology Ancestral traits
Maked, moist rhinarium and split upper lip Greater emphasis on olfaction ring-like external ear bone unfused mandible tapetum lucidum
Strepsirrhines
Lemurs
Lorises and Galagos
Snake detection theory
Isbell
Snakes already present when mammals evolve and only potential predator
eveolve anti predation skills
evolution of venom provided impetus for primate evolution
Aboreality and frugivory allowed primates to evolve orbital frontation and visual acuity to avoid snakes
Angio sperm radiaiton theory
Conroy
Sudden explosion of flowering plants lead to new niches and foods that primates took advantage of
BUT angiosperms evolved millions of years before primates
Catmill
Comparative study of arboreal adaptations in mammals- most nonprimate tree dwelleers do not look like primates
Optic convergence is characterisics of predators- looked at predatory behavior of microcebus, loris, and tarsius
olfactory reduciton as side effect of shoving together eye sockets
Visual predation theory
Catmill (1974)
Le Gros Clark
Studied tree shrews, thought were primtiive primates lacking grasping hands, nails, and fontated eyes
Not a suite of traits but tendencies tward such traits
Smith and wood Jones
Distinctive primate traits adaptations to living in the trees
keen eyes to run and leap around on branches
large brains to plan and follow 3d paths
Arboreal Lifestyle theory
Smith and wood jones
Le Gros Clark
Derived traits
Postorbital bar, nails, single pair of mammory glands, petrosla auditory bulla
ancestral traits
5 digits in hands and feet, generalized dentition and postcranial skeleton, retention of the clavical
how many digits
5
generaloized dentition
lack of spcialization,
Long life histories
particularly immaturity
brain enlargement
neocortex
De-emphasis on olfaction
shortening of snout, deregulation of olfactory genes
Emphasis on vision
orbital frontation, steroscopic vision, color vision
Euarchonta
Dermoptera, flying lemars, SCandentia, tree shrews
Phylum
Chordata
Classification of Primates
Order
Where do primates live
typically the tropics but some intemperate areas
Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
Cebidae
Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
Cebidae
Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
Cebidae
Platyrrhini Bahavior
All diurnal except for Aotus
Almost exlcusively arboreal
social systems and diet vary tremendously
