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BDS2 Paediatric dentistry > Primary tooth morphology > Flashcards

Primary tooth morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What are early problems that can affect children even before they are born

A
  • gingival cysts
  • congenital epulis
  • natal or neonatal teeth
  • eruption cysts
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2
Q

What are gingival cysts also known as

A

epstein’s pearls or bohns nodules

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3
Q

what do gingival cysts look like? Are they a problem?

A

small white ‘pearls’

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4
Q

What does a congenital epulis look like? What happens to them? Are they a problem?

A

a massive red bulge out of the mucosa.

will shrink as child grows or can be removed. Not dangerous

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5
Q

What problems can natal or neonatal teeth cause?

do they tend to be removed?

A

can be mobile and cause ulcers, not got as strong roots. Sometimes are taken out if a big interference but otherwise not.

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6
Q

What does an eruption cyst look like? What causes it? Is it a problem?

A

a blue blob on the mucosa, blood has got in there, no it will resolve

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7
Q

what is the notation of an upper right second primary molar?

What is really important about primary tooth notation

A

5,5
or
upper right E

never use numbers and letters together

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8
Q

When do teeth start to form?

A

week 5 of intrauterine life

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9
Q

When does hard tissue start to form

A

week 13 of iul

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10
Q

What are the calcification dates of the maxilary central incisor

A

start cal 13-16 weeks iul
crown complete 1.5 months after birth
eruption 8-12 months
root complete 33 months

(see welbury text page 12)

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11
Q

What is the chronology of the maxilary second primary molar

hard tissue formation, crown formation, eruption, complete root formation

A

hard tissue formation 16-23 weeks iul
crown formation complete at 11 months after birth
eruption between 25-33 months
complete root formation 47 months

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12
Q

How might the process of calcification cause defects in primary teeth

A
  • systemic disturbances during calcification can lead to defects in the enamel which was forming at that time
  • defects in the primary dentition (which are not hereditary) are most likely the result of a difficult pregnancy for the mother/ birth complications
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13
Q

How much of central incisors are calcified at birth

A

1/2

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14
Q

How much of lateral incisors are calcified at birth

A

1/3

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15
Q

How much of primary canines are calcified at birth

A

the tip

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16
Q

How much of first primary molars are calcified at birth

A

1/2

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17
Q

How much of second primary molars are calcified at birth

A

1/3

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18
Q

How much of permanent molars are calcified at birth

A

tip of cusps

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19
Q

what are the possible theories behind tooth eruption

A
  • cellular proliferation at the apex of the tooth
  • localized change in blood pressure/ hydrostatic pressure
  • metabolic activity within the PDL
  • resorption of the overlying hard tissue
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20
Q

why does resorption of the overlying hard tissue occur

A

due to enzymes in the dental follicle

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21
Q

what does the dental follicle look like on a radiograph?

A

a dark halo round the unerupted tooth

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22
Q

what process is essential for the process of tooth eruption

A

remodelling

however, it is not necessary for the tooth to erupt to cause resorption of bone

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23
Q

what role does the dental follicle play in tooth eruption

A

is activated to initiate osteoclastic activity in the alveolar bone ahead of the tooth and clear a path for tooth eruption
(once crestal bone has been breached the follicle is likely to play a lesser role)

24
Q

how does eruption occur

A
  • occur gradually
  • stops when the tooth comes into contact with something-usually the tooth of the opposing arch
  • continues throughout life to compensate for vertical growth of the jaws and tooth wear
25
Q

what is the order of eruption (general rules)

A

lowers before uppers except lateral incisors

central incisor, lateral incisor, first primary molar, canine, second primary molar

ABDCE
12435

26
Q

what is the eruption dates for the lower central incisor

A

4-6 months

27
Q

what is the eruption dates for the lateral incisors

A

7-16months

28
Q

what is the eruption dates for the 1st molars

A

13-19 months

29
Q

what is the eruption dates for the canine

A

16-22 months

30
Q

what is the eruption dates for the 2nd molar

A

15-33 months

31
Q

teeth of the same series normally erupt between x of their contra lateral tooth

A

3 months

32
Q

when is primary dentition normally complete by

A

2.5 - 3 years

33
Q

what is more predictable - eruption of primary or permanent dentition

A

permanent dentition

34
Q

how do the crowns of primary teeth differ from the crowns of permanent teeth

A
  • the primary incisors are smaller in both their crown and root proportions
  • the primary molar are wider mesiodistally than the permanent premolars which take there place
  • primary molars crowns are more bulbous
  • primary teeth are usually whiter
35
Q

what is the defining feature of an upper 1st primary molar

A

prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

36
Q

what is the defining feature of the lower 1st primary molar

A

prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

37
Q

what is the defining feature of the upper 2nd primary molar

A

transverse ridge

38
Q

what is the defining feature of the lower 2nd primary molars

A

three buccal cusps (like first permanent molar)

39
Q

how do the roots differ between primary and permanent teeth

A
  • primary teeth tend to have narrower roots
  • primary molars have longer and more slender roots than permanent molars
  • roots tend to flare apically to allow room in between for the developing permanent tooth crowns
40
Q

how does the pulp differ between primary and secondary teeth?

A
  • the pulp chambers of the primary teeth are relatively large in proportion to the crowns that surround them
  • the pulp horns of primary teeth extend high occlusally, placing them closer to the enamel than the pulp of permanent teeth - hence pulpal exposure on cavity preparation is more likely
41
Q

how do the root canals differ between primary and secondary teeth?

A

tend to be ribbon shaped with multiple interconnecting and accessory canals (clinically impossible to clean completely)

42
Q

how does the hard tissue differ between primary and secondary teeth?

A
  • the thickness of the coronal dentine is much thinner than in permanent teeth
  • the enamel of the primary teeth is relatively thin and has a consistent depth
43
Q

why do we want anterior spacing in the primary dentition

A

to prevent crowding in permanent dentition

44
Q

what is anthropoid or primate spacing

A

spacing mesial to upper deciduous canine

spacing distal to lower deciduous canine

45
Q

what is leeway space

A

extra mesio-distal space occupied by the primary molars which are wider than the premolars which will replace them

  • 1.5mm per side on uppers
  • 2.5mm per side in lowers
46
Q

how does facial growth affect occlusion

A

downward and forward growth of the facial portion of the skull

47
Q

when is the mixed dentition stage

A

from the eruption of the first permanent tooth to the exfoliation of the last primary tooth

ages 6-11 roughly

48
Q

what is the eruption sequence of permanent teeth

A

uppers
1st permanent molars then front to back except canines
(61245378)

lowers
1st permanent molars then front to back
(61234578)

lowers before uppers except second premolars

49
Q

lower teeth tend to erupt before upper teeth except x

A

second premolars

50
Q

crowding in the upper arch usually leads to the exclusion of what tooth

A

upper canine

51
Q

crowding in the lower arch usually leads to the exclusion of what tooth

A

second premolars

52
Q

how do primary incisors occlude

A

upright

53
Q

how do permanent incisors occlude

A

proclined

54
Q

when is the ‘ugly duckling phase’

A

transient spacing of the upper 1’s may occur due to the close proximity of their roots to the erupting 2’s and 3’s

55
Q

how long after eruption does it take for the permanent tooth root to complete apexogenesis

A

3 years

56
Q

how long after eruption does it take for the primary tooth root to complete apexogenesis

A

1.5 years

BDS2 Paediatric dentistry (5 decks)

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