Primary Survey & Key Interventions Flashcards
What is included in a ‘Safe scene approach’
Ensuring the scene is safe for yourself, crew, patient and bystanders.
Hazards (animals, aggressive patients, enviromental factors, vehicles/ traffic, other people)
Appropiate level of PPE
What is an ‘end of bed assessment’
General impression of the patient.
-colour
-eye contact
-positioning
-pain
What is included in a primary survey?
C- Catastropic haemorrhage (in trauma)
A- Airway
B-Breathing
C-Circulation
D-Disability
E-Exposure & Examine
What is included in ‘A’
Primary survey A
Airway.
-Open the airway and look for any obstructions (remove if necessary).
-Airway manoeuvre (HTCL).
-Suction (if necessary).
-Airway adjunct (if airway not maintained- OPA / NPA).
What is an OPA?
Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
-unresponsive pt
-without gag reflex
-prevents occlusion
-not preventing vomiting
What is an NPA?
Nasalpharyegeal airway (NPA)
-unresponsive pt
-with gag reflex
-with trismus (jaw lock/ bite down)
-not preventing vomiting
What is included in ‘B’
Primary survey ‘B’
Breathing.
-Breathing assessment determines an adequate rate, rhythm and depth.
-Equal air entry.
What is included in ‘C’
Primary survey ‘C’
Circulation.
*Unconscious
-look down chest, feel for rise and fall
-feel for carotid pulse
*Conscious
-feel for radial pulse
-note rate, rhythm, strength
-CRT
Where are the different pulse locations?
Central-
Carotid
Femoral
Peripheral-
Radial
Brachial
Pedel
What is included in ‘D’
Primary survey ‘D’
Disability.
-AVPU
-pupils
-blood glucose (pt with reduced consciousness)
-consider BEFAST
Level of response/ AVPU
A- Alert
V-Voice
P-Pain
U-Unresponsive
What needs to be considered when checking pupils?
-consensual reflex (change in pupil size in opposite eye to which the light is directed)
-PEARL (pupils equal and reactive to light)
BEFAST
B- Balance
E- Eyes
F- Face
A- Arms
S- Speech
T- Time
What is included in ‘E’
Primary survey ‘E’
Exposure & Examine.
-remove clothing
-look for deformity, bleeding, bruising
-examine long bones
-consider enviroment (temperature, visual clues)
PS +ve
After primary survey
Time critical.
-immediate action plan
-? sample Hx
-rapid treatment and transport
