Primary Survey Flashcards
Primary Survey:
What is the primary survey?
- Air way and oxygenation
- Breathing and ventilation
- Circulation and shock management
- Disability due to neurological deterioration
- Exposures and examination
Primary Survey:
What two questions should you ask the patient initially?
What happened? what is your name?
AVPU
- The patient is awake
- The patient is responding verbally
- The patient responds to painful stimulation
- The patient is completely unresponsive
Primary Survey:
What are we looking for in regards to the patients air way?
Look for signs of airway obstruction: paradoxical chest and abdominal movements (see-saw respiration) use of accessory muscles to breath; cyanosis; lack of breath sound at mouth or nose
Listen and look for unusual noises indicating airway obstruction
Primary survey:
What are we looking for with regards to the patients breathing?
Look, listen, feel:
- Respiratory rate and effort
- Skin colour, cyanosis
- Chest symmetry, tracheal deviation
- Breath sounds
- Count the respiratory rate. Normal rate 12 - 20 breaths per minute
- Measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) Normal values 94 - 100%
Primary Survey:
What are we looking for with regards to a patients circulation?
- Check for bleeding and manage accordingly
- Skin colour and temperature, capillary refill (normal = 2 seconds or less)
- Check rate, rhythm, strength of the pulse (carotid and radial pulses)
- Measure and record the blood pressure
5.Note any changes to level of response - Consult TMAS regarding IV/IO access for fluids/medication
Primary Survey:
What are we looking for with regards to a patients disability?
- Reassess level of response (LOR) using AVPU
2 Examine the pupils (size, equality and reaction to light)
Primary Survey:
What are we looking for with regards to a patients exposure?
- Expose and examine (keep warm)
- Identify major injuries
- Obtain consent prior to examination
- Environmental threat? Cold or heat exposure
Secondary survey:
What are the six human body systems?
1.circulatory system
2. Nervous system
3. Digestive system
4. Skeletal system
5. Muscular system
Secondary survey:
How should you carry out a secondary survey?
The history - questions used to gather relevant medical information which may be relayed to TMAS
The exam - Examine injury or head to toe exam when injury is not obvious
Monitoring - Vital signs and observations
Secondary survey:
What are we wanting to find out about the patient’s history?
- Symptoms
- Allergies
- Medications
- Past medical history
- Last oral intake
- Event
Secondary survey:
The most common symptom is pain. What might we want to ask the patient with regards to pain?
- Onset - what were they doing?
- Provocation - what provokes/relives?
- Quality - Describe?
- Radiation - moves from one place to another?
- Severity - scale from 1-10?
- Time - How long has the pain been there?
Secondary survey:
What are the normal vital signs for an adult?
Pulse: 50-100/min
Respiratory: 12-20/min
Temperature: 36.0-37.5°C
Blood Pressure: 90-140 / 60-90 (mm Hg)
Saturation of oxygen: 94-100%
Secondary survey:
What are the normal vital signs for a Child?
Pulse: 70-130/min
Respiratory: 20-30/min
Temperature: 36.0-37.5°C
Blood Pressure: 90-140 / 60-90 (mm Hg)
Saturation of oxygen: 94-100%
Secondary survey:
What are the normal vital signs for a baby?
Pulse: 100-160/min
Respiratory: 30-50/min
Temperature: 36.0-37.5°C
Blood Pressure: 90-140 / 60-90 (mm Hg)
Saturation of oxygen: 94-100%
Blood pressure:
What is the difference between Systolic and diastolic?
Systolic is the pressure inside the artery when the hart contracts
Diastolic is the pressure inside the artery when the heart is refilling
Blood pressure:
What is high blood pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is defined as sustained readings of:
140mm Hg or greater systolic pressure
And or
90mm Hg or greater diastolic pressure
MSN:
Which MSN Covers Ships Medical Stores
MSN 1905
Symptom:
What is Pyrexia?
Core body temperature above 37.5°C
Hypothermia:
What are the signs and symptoms of a person with Hypothermia?
- Pale skin
- Cool to the touch as blood vessels constrict in the skin
- Lethargic
- Shivering
- Core body temperature below 35°C
Medication:
What are the five rights of drug administration?
- Drug - double check
- Dose - triple check the amount
- Route - inj: SQ, IM, IV, IO, Oral, Rectal
- Time
- Person
Medication:
What is the formula for calculating amount of drug to be administered?
Dose required
——————— X Volume
Dose on hand
Medication:
Which drug is used to reverse an opiate overdose?
Naloxone, which must be carried onboard all vessels which carry Morphine
Signs and Symptoms:
What causes Pneumonia and how May it affect our respiratory and circulation system?
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue affecting one or both sides that occurs as a result of an infection. The infection is commonly caused by bacteria or viruses but fungi and protozoa can sometimes cause pneumonia.
Air sacs called the Alveoli fill with fluid and sputum which restricts the oxygen from the blood. Bronchiole tubes fill with mucus as well.
Anaphylaxis:
What is Anaphylaxis?
Signs and symptoms?
Treatment?
The body’s immune system overreacting to a substance which is perceived as a threat. Substance that provoke allergic reactions are known as allergens.
- Swelling of the eyes, mouth, lips, tongue, hands and feet
- Narrowing of air way (wheezing)
- Sudden drop in blood pressure
- Dizziness and fainting
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sore, red, itchy eyes
- Red, sometimes raised rash
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) auto injector will contain 0.3mg of adrenaline
Disability:
What does the acronym PEARL stand for?
Pupils equal and responsive to light
Meningitis:
What part of the body does meningitis attack, and what are the signs and symptoms
Treatments include?
Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Sudden high fever
Stiff neck
Severe head aches
Nausea or vomiting
Confusion
Seizures
Sleepy
Skin rash
Loss of Appetite
Treatment: consult TMAS (Antibiotics)
