Primary Sources of Law Flashcards

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1
Q

Federalism

A

power is divided between state and federal governments

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2
Q

system of checks and balances

A

3 branches of government keep each other in check

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3
Q

The Emoluments Clause

A

no title of nobility shall be granted by the US and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall without the consent of congress accept any present… from any King, prince, or foreign state

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4
Q

Judicial Review

A

when the judges look at and interpret the law of the state and federal levels with the constitution to see if its constitutional

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5
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

constitutional laws are the supreme laws and judges in every state shall be bound (they are obliged to review state laws and make sure they’re constitutional)

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6
Q

judicial restraint

A

courts must assume all statutes are presumptively valid

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7
Q

strict constructionism

A

you strictly follow the language of the Constitution, interpreting it literally

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8
Q

judicial activists

A

view the constitution as living… the language of the constitution is their starting place, and they interpret the rest from there

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9
Q

Commerce Clause

A

congress may regulate commerce AMONG the states (interstate commerce)

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10
Q

Dormant commerce clause

A

prohibit state legislation that discriminates against interstate or international commerce

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11
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

requires states to honor each other’s laws and court decisions

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12
Q

Privileges and Immunities Clause

A

ensures that when an individual visits another state, he/she has the same rights and privileges as the residents of that state (cant be discriminated for being a non-resident)
- exceptions: out of state tuition, licenses

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13
Q

Establishment Clause

A

you can believe in any religion you want

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14
Q

Exercise Clause

A

how you exercise it is limited based on the laws in the US

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15
Q

Federal Alien and Sedition Act (1798)

A

crime to write anything false about or to criticize the government

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16
Q

Federal Sedition Act/Schenk v US (1919)

A

made fighting words an exception to the 1st Amendment

17
Q

Federal Alien and Registration Act/Smith Act (1950)

A

crime to advocate for the overthrow of the government

18
Q

Statutory Law

A

Written laws passed by legislatures (state or federal)(how state codes are formed/added)

19
Q

Uniform Statutes

A

Laws made by the federal government that states can choose to reject or adapt in part of in full

20
Q

Administrative Law

A

created by administrative agencies - branch of government created by an enabling stature to govern a specific area of the law

21
Q

Common Law/Case Law

A

judge-made law by interpreting constitutions and statutes

22
Q

Judicial Restraint

A

judges must stick to the plain language of a statute (only if language is ambiguous may they sub their judgement for the law which is very hard to do)

23
Q

Stare Decisis

A

Doctrine requires that courts adhere to and apply principles of law that have been decided in prior cases as precedent in that court and courts of higher rank within that jurisdiction and apply it to later cases that include substantially the same facts or issues

24
Q

Ex Post Facto

A

law the imposes criminal liability or increases criminal punishment retroactively

25
Q

Writ of Mandamus

A

A court order to an elected official to do his job