Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
How many mls and gs of pure alcohol is there in one unit?
10ml or 8g
How many units are men and women recommended to not surpass?
14 units a week; equivalent to 6 pint of average-strength beer or 10 small glasses of low-strength wine
What is the ABV?
Alcohol By Volume: amount of pure alcohol as a % of the total volume of liquid in a drink.
How can you work out number of units from ABV?
Units = (Total volume of drink (ml) x ABV) / 1000
How many units are in a shot of spirit?
1 unit
How many units are in a small glass of Red/White/Rose wine (12%)?
1.5 units
How many units are in a bottle of beer?
1.7 units
How many units are in a can of lager/beer/cider?
2 units
How many units are in a pint of lower-strength lager/beer/cider?
2 units
How many units are in a standard glass of red/white/rose?
2.1 units
How many units are in a pint of higher-strength lager/beer/cider?
3 units
How many units are in a large glass of red/white/rose?
3 units
Who is entitled to a CVD risk check for free on the NHS?
All patients aged between 40-74 years
Which nationality is at a greater risk of CVD?
South Asian patients have 1.5x increased risk of CVD
What are the physical activity recommendations for adults in the UK?
Strength exercises on 2 or more days a week to work major muscles, plus 150 mins of moderate activity or 75 mins of vigorous activity every week, and to reduce time sitting for prolonged periods.
Which conditions have associations with CVD and thus mean modification of risk factors is even more important?
HIV, Renal disease, Gout, Erectile dysfunction
How to diagnose HTN
Must take several readings, preferably in both arms, and ideally arrange for the patient to use a 24 hour ambulatory BP monitor. Could use a standard electronic BP monitor at home if ambulatory cant be tolerated.
What is the TEnT PEGS acronym used for?
7 easy ways to help patients change their lifestyle
What does TEnTPEGS stand for?
Tailored plans, ENvironmental change, Thoughts, Practice and record, Emotions, Goals, Social influences
What class of medication should be offered to people <55 years old and not of African or Caribbean family origin to treat HTN? (First line)
ACEi (or low-cost ARB if ACEi not tolerated); don’t combine these for HTN.
What class of medication should be offered to people >55 years old to treat HTN? (First line)
Calcium-channel blocker (CCB)
If not suitable (e.g. evidence of heart failure or high risk of heart failure) offer a thiazide-like diuretic (such as chlortalidone or indapamide)
What medication should be offered to people of African or Caribbean family origin of any age to treat HTN? (First line)
Calcium-channel blocker (CCB)
If not suitable (e.g. evidence of heart failure or high risk of heart failure) offer a thiazide-like diuretic (such as chlortalidone or indapamide)
Though beta-blockers are not the preferred initial therapy for HTN, when would you consider them?
In younger patients, particularly those with intolerance/contraindication to ACEi and ARB OR women of child-bearing potential OR people with evidenced of increased sympathetic drive
What second-line HTN medication is offered?
CCB with either ACEi or ARB (in African or Caribbean family origin, consider ARB over ACEi with CCB)
If CCB not suitable (e.g. oedema or intolerance, heart failure or high risk of HF) offer a thiazide-like diuretic
