Primary Healthcare Flashcards
Primary Healthcare
A whole of society approach to effectively organize and strengthen national healtg systems to bring services for healtg and wellbeinf closer to communities
3 Components of Primary Health Care
- Integrated healtg services to meet people’s needs throughout their lives.
- Addressing the broader determinants of healtg through multisectoral policy and action.
- Empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health.
Declaration of Alma Ata
It is where the principles of primary health care were first outlined in the year 1978. Forty years later, global leaders ratified the DECLARATION OF ASTANA at the global conference on primary health care which took place in Astana, Kazhakstan in OCTOBER 2018
Rationale for Adopting Primary Health Care
-Magnitude of Health Problems
-Inadequate and unequal distribution of Health Resources
-Increasing Cost of Medical Care
-Isolation of Health Care activities from otger development activities
Goal of Primary Health Care
Health for all Filipinos by the year 2000 and Health in the hands of the People by the year 2020.
Self-Reliance
An improved state of health and quality of life for all people attained through —-.
Key strategy to achieve the Goal of Primary Health Care
Partnership with and Empowerment of the People
Objectives of Primary Health Care
1.Improvement in the level of health care of the community
2. Favorable population growth structure
3. Reduction in the prevalence of preventable, communicable and other disease
4. Reduction in morbidity and mortality rates especially among infants and children
5. Extension of essential health services with priority given to the underserved sectors
6. Improvement in Basic Sanitation
7. Development of the capability of the community aimed at self-reliance
8. Maximizing the contribution of the other sectors for the social and economic development of the community.
Principles of Primary Health Care
- 4A’s = Accesibility, Availability, Affordability & Acceptability, Appropriateness of Health Services
- Community Participation
- People are the center, object and subject of development
- Self-reliance
- Partnership between the community and the health agencies in the provision of quality of life
- Recognition of intrrrelationship between the health and development
- Social mobilization
- Decentralization
Elements of Primary Health Care
- Education
- Water and Sanitation
- Nutrition
- Maternal and Child Health
- Immunization
- Prevention of Disease
- Treatment
- Drug Availability
Endemic Disease
The amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community. It is also called baseline
Epidemic Disease
An often sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in a specific area
Pandemic Disease
An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents and affects many people
Major Strategies of Primary Health Care
- Elevating Health tk a Comprehensive and Sustained National Effort
- Promoting and Supporting Community Managed Health Care
- Increasing Efficiencies in the Health Sector
- Advancing Essential National Health Research
Four Pillars in Primary Health Care
- Active Community Participation
- Intra and Inter-sectoral Linkages
- Use of Appropriate Technology
- Support mechanism made available
Health System
Consists of all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore, or maintain health
Stewardship involves leadership and governance
It means that every government mjst have strategic policy frameworks, and these are combined with effective oversight, coalition building, regulation, attention to system design, and accountability
Republic Act 11223
Philippine Universal Health Care Act (UHC)
-Signed on February 20, 2019
Philippine Universal Health Care Act (RA 11223)
This act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1896 and House Bill No. 5784 was passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on December 10, 2018
-Approved: February 20, 2019
Levels of Health Care Facility
Primary Health Care Facility
Secondary Health Care Facility
Tertiary Health Care Facility
Primary Health Care Facilities
- Rural Health Unit
- Their sub-centers
- Chest Clinics
- Tubercolosis clinics and Hospitals
- Puericulture Centers
- Malaria Eradication Units and Schistosomiasis Control Unit
- Animal Bite Centers
- Private Clinics and Community Hospitals
Secondary Health Care Facility
-smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency room and regional hospitals
-services offered to patients with symptomatic stages of disease, which reuqire moderately specialized knowledge and technical resources for adequate treatment
Tertiary Health Care Facility
-highly technological services offered by medical centers and large hospitals
-Specialized National Hospitals
Admin Staff
Medical recording, make a reminder call, greet the patient and verify insurance information
Nurse/Medical Assistant
Record the patient’s weight and vital signs, escort the patient to examination room and record the reason of visit
Doctor
Examines and talks with the patient to develop a diagnosis and plan of care
Medical Technologist/Technician, Radiologist
Performs the test of the attending physician and collect the samples dor analysis and write up the tesr result. After the test, the attending physician will discuss the result witg the patient
Pharmacist
Fills the prescription and give an information about the medication
Billing officer
Bill the patient’s insurance for the visit
PhilHealth
This program was set up in 1995 to provide affordable universal coverage. It covers all kinds of medical care, including preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
PhilHealth different membership
Formal Sector
Indigents
Sponsored Members
Senior Citizens
The informal Economy
Formal Sector
Workers employed by public amd private companies
Indigents
Impoverished people subsidized by the national government
Sponsored Members
People subsidized by their local governments
Senior Citizens
A category open to those who are 60 years of age or older, and who do not qualify as Lifetime Members
Informal Economy
Self-employed people, migrant workers, and overseas Filipino workers; expats who are legally living in the Philippines are eligible to join Philhealth in this category
Thalidomide
A drug used by pregnant woman as a treatment for morning sickness. Late 1950s and early 1960s
Phocomelia
A common pattern of limb deformities from the greek word for ‘seal limbs’
Pertussis
Also known as “whooping cough”
-High contagious bacterial infection
-Incubation: 5-15days
-Cause: Bordotella Pertussis Bacteria
-Treatment: Antibiotics
-Prevention: Immunization DTap (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine)
Health System
Is a functional network of health-care providers, including public sector and private sector which range from traditional healers to the most technically advanced hospitals
Healthcare Sectors
Is the sector of economy made up companies that specialize in products and services related to health and medical care
Bureau of Health Devices and Technology (BHDT)
It was created in 1999 to perform the same functions of the FDA but for medical devices.
-conducts licensing and accreditation of health and health-related devices and technology
Bureau of International Health Cooperation
-promotes and sustains international partnership through agreements and other instrumentalities
-enhances policies, plans, agreements and systems for international cooperation or partnership
-monitor bilateral or multilateral agreements
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
-Was crested under Department of Health to license, monitor, and regulwte the flow of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
-Responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices; by ensuring the safety of our nation’s food supply and products that emit radiations
Bureau of Local Health System and Development (BLHsD)
-Responsive, collaborative, sustainable, and resilient local health systems for all Filipino
-identify and assess priorities in local healtg systems development
-develop policies, guidelines and standards on sustainable local health systems
-ensure multi-stakeholder participation in local health development
-monitor and evaluate functionality of local health system
BLHsD Divisions
- Health System Development Division (HSDD)
- Health Systems Monitoring and Evaluation
Bureau of Quarantine and International Health Surveillance
- International Health Surveillance Division
- Species Services Division
- Port and Airport Health Services Division
- Administrative Division
Bureau of Quarantine and International Health Surveillance
-Conducts surveillance and institutes measures to prevent the entry of diseases subject to International Health Regulstions and otger emerging and re-emerging diseases and health concerns from other countries that may impact on public health in the Philippines
-Provides technical assisstance and supervision, consultative and advisory services on health and sanitation programs in international ports and their immediate environment
-conducts medical examination on aliens and foreign based Filipino for immigration purposes
National Center for Mental Health (NCMH)
-established in 1925 through Public Works Act 3258
-was first called INSULAR PSYCHOPATIC HOSPITAL
-dedicated to delivering preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health care services
National Epidemiology Center (NEC)
-Also known as Epidemiology Bureau
-develop and evaluate surveillance systems and other health information systems
-collect, analyze and disseminate reliable and timely information on the health status
-investigate disease outbreaks and other threats to public health
-network public health laboratories in support of epidemiological and surveillance activities
Natinal Epidemiology Center (NEC)
- Applied Epidemiology Health Management Division
- Public Health Surveillance Division
- Survey, Monitoring and Evaluate Division
National Nutrition Council (NNC)
-formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies
-coordinate planning, monitoring and evaluation of the national nutrition program
-coordinate the hunger mitigation and malnutrition prevention program to achieve relevant Millenium Developmenr Goals
-Coordinate the release of funds, loans, and grants from government organizations and nongovernment organizations
Philippine National Aids Council (PNAC)
-was created to advise the government on the development of policies to prevent and control HIV/AIDS
-It is composed of high ranking governmenr officials, the head of nongovernmental organization, members of the HIV/AIDS network, and a representative of an organization of people living with HIV
3 Committees created by PNAC
- Committee on Policy and Development
- Committee on Law and Ethics
- AIDS Health Rights Desk
Committee on Policy and Development
Prevention and control Strategy
Committee on Law and Ethics
Support for legal environment for people with HIV/AIDS
AIDS Health Right Desk
Will act from its base in the Deparment of Health to provide free legal assistance to poor people whose rights have been violated
-helpsnto disseminate accurate information on HIV/AIDS
Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)
-encourage scientific research and develkp traditional and alternative health care system
-promote and advocate the use of traditional, alternative, preventive, and curative health care modalities
-develop and coordinate skills training courses for various forms of traditiomal and alternative health care modalities
-formulate standards, guidelines and code of ethics practice
-formulate polices for the protection of indigenous and natural healtg resources and technology from unwanted exploitation
-formulate policies to strengthen the role of traditional and alternative health care delivery system
-promote traditional and alternative health care in international and national conventions in coordination with Department of Tourism and as well as non-government and local government units
The Philippine Health System
National Government Level
Local Government Level
Private Sectors
Dual Health System
Composed of the public sector and the private sector
Public Sector
Largely financed through a tax-based budgeting system, where health services are delivered by government facilities run by the National and Local Governments
National Government Level
-The DOH acts as the national lead agency in health
-Consist of 18 bereaus and services for policy, program planning, standards setting and regulation
-17 regional health offices
-Autonomous agencies: National Nutrition Council and the population Commisision
Local Government Level
-consist of 81 provinces, 145 cities (of which 33 are highly urbanized cities and 5 are independent component cities. 1489 municipalities and 42,025 barangays (Philippine Statistic Authority, 2015)
Private Sectors
-consisting of for profit and non profit health care providers
-largely market oriented where health care is generally paid through user fees at the point of service
Private Sector consist of:
- Clinics
- Infirmaries
- Laboratories
- Hospitals
- Drug Manufacturers and Distributors
- Drugstores
- Health Insurance Companies
- Nonformal Health Service (traditional healers)
International Bodies Organizations
- Australia
-the Australia Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS)
-Australian General Practice Accreditation Ltd (AGPAL)
-The quality Improvement Council - Canada
- the canadian council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHSA) - Japan
-the Japan Council for Quality Health Care (nongovernmental organization)
Health Status Indicator
These are the measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality and available health resources
Morbidity
-refers to the disease state of an individual, or the incidence of illness in a population
Mortality
Referd to the state of being mortal, or the incidence of deatg (number of death) in a population
Health Status Indicator Examples
- Life Expectancy at birth
-aversge number of year that a newborn to live if current mortality rates continue to alply.
Rationale for use: Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of population
-it summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age group - Probability of dying (per 1000) between ages 15 and 60 years. (Adult Mortality Rate)
-probability that a 15 year old person will die before reaching 60 years old
Rational for use: Disease burden from non-communicable diseases among adults
-the level of adult mortality is becoming an important indicator for the comprehensive assessment of the mortality pattern in a population
