Primary Economic Activities Chap 18

Question 1

The advantages of oil (4)

Answer 1

1: It is a clean fuel to burn, it emits very little smoke
2: Oil is very efficient as it gives out large amounts of energy very quickly
3: Oil is easy to transport over long distances by pipe line or by oil tanker
4: When oil is refined, it produces by-products such as plastics, paints and dyes

Question 2

Disadvantages of oil (3)

Answer 2

1: Oil tankers can cause oil spills which kill large numbers of marine life
2: The burning of oil emits greenhouse gases, which cause global warming
3: Oil is finite and it will eventually run out

Question 3

In what ways does society consume oil? (3)

Answer 3

Domestic - To generate electricity and to heat homes
Industry - To generate electricity for machines and lighting
Transport - To fuel cars, buses, ships and aeroplanes

Question 4

Name the two types of peat bogs and where they are found

Answer 4

1: Raised bogs - Found in shallow depressions mainly in the Midlands, they have an average depth of 8m - Blackwater bog co. Offaly
2: Blanket bogs - Found in areas where there is an average rainfall of 120mm per year, they have an average depth of 3m, they are found in the west of Ireland

Question 5

What type of industry is peat exploitation

Answer 5

Extractive

Question 6

The order in which peat is farmed

Answer 6

1: the bog is drained
2: the big is levelled
3: 1/2 a cm is scraped of the top of the bog
4: the peat Is dried and then turned over by a Harrow
5: it is gathered into ridges
6: it is transported to factories by a turf train

Question 7

The machines used in farming peat (5)

Answer 7

1: Ditcher - It drains the bog
2: Grader - It levels the bog
3: Miller - It scraped 1/2 cm of the surface of the bog
4: Harrow - The Peat is then turned over by this
5: Ridger - It gathers the peat into ridges

Question 8

Name 3 different types of peat and what they are used for

Answer 8

1: Milled peat - Used to generate electricity, can be compressed to form briquettes
2: Moss peat - This is used to improve soil fertility
3: Sod peat - Used as household fuel

Question 9

What is depletion?

Answer 9

Depletion means the using up of a resource before it can renew its numbers

Question 10

Why is over fishing happening? (6)

Answer 10

1: Large modern fishing boats - Can process and freeze the fish while at sea
2: Improved sonar equipment - Can locate shoals of fish
3: Large nets - can catch a lot of fish at a time
4: Motorised winches - Used to pull the nets on board the boat
5: Improved transportation
5: Refrigeration

Question 11

Name 4 modern sea fishing methods and explain them

Answer 11

Purse seining - Catches pelagic fish
Trawling - catches demersal fish
Drift netting - catches pelagic fish
Traps - catches shell fish

Question 12

Where does most fishing take place and explain

Answer 12

Continental shelves - The water is shallow here, which means the sun can reach the sea bed, which helps the plankton grow, fish eat plankton so lots of fish are found here

Question 13

Name the 3 types of farming

Answer 13

1: Arable farming - Wheat, barley and other crops
2: Pastoral - Farming livestock
3: Mixed - Farming both crops and livestock

Question 14

Name the 5 things that influence the type of farming

Answer 14

1: Relief - whether the land is low lying or not
2: Climate
3: Soil
4: Family tradition
5: Distance from the markets