Primary Cementing Flashcards

1
Q

What is Primary Cementing

A

The introduction of a cementitious material or cement slurries into the annulus between casing and open hole or previous casing or both

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2
Q

Objetives for primary Cementing

A

Provide zonal isolation
Protect the casing string against corrosion
Support axial load of casing strings and strings to be run later
Support the borehole
Meet government regulations

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3
Q

The size of the casing depends on

A

The depth of the well
The size of the open hole
The drilling objective
The expected hydrostatic and formation pressures
The type of completion once the well is drilled.

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4
Q

Types of Casings

A
Conductor
Surface
Intermediate
Production Casing
   Liners and Tie-Backs
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5
Q

Conductor Casing Purpose

A

Prevents washing out under the rig
Provides elevation for flow nipple
Protects shallow sands from contamination

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6
Q

Advantages of stab in cementing

A
Less cement contamination
Less channelling
Small displacement volume
Pump until cement to surface
Less job time (rig time)
Less cement
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7
Q

Outside Cementing (Top Job) key points

A
Bring cement to surface
Macaroni tubing used
Max. depth 250-300 ft
High friction pressures
Non-standard connections
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8
Q

Surface Casing purpose

A

Protect surface fresh water formation
Case off unconsolidated or loss areas
Provide a competent mechanical base for subsequent operations (BOP, casings, etc.)

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9
Q

The BOP Stack parts

A
Anular preventer
Blind rams 
Shear rams
Pipe rams
Kill line 
Choke line
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10
Q

Intermediate Casing(s) purpose

A

Isolate hole into workable sections

Seal off nonproductive, high-pressure zones above the zone of interest.

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11
Q

Two Stage Cementing key points

A

Separation and isolation of zones
Reduces hydrostatic
Can leave zone in the annulus uncemented (cement at TD and surface)

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12
Q

Production Casing(s) or Liner(s) purpose

A

Isolates the pay zone from other formations and the fluids in them.
Protective housing for production equipment.
Subsurface artificial lift
Multiple zone completion
Screens for sand control

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13
Q

Identification of casing

A
OD 	             
    Weight		
    Grade	    
    Burst pressure 
    Collapse pressure
    Thread type
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14
Q

Thread Types

A

8 Round
Buttress
VAM
Hydrill

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15
Q

Basic Cementing Process

A

Use the two-plugs method for pumping and displacement cement slurry down through the casing and up the annulus.
Process is completed when a pressure increase at the surface and displacement is terminated.
Leave the well shut in for a time to allow the cement to harden before completion work or drilling out

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16
Q

Cement Heads types

A

Conventional Cement Head

Deepsea EXPRES* Head

17
Q

Conventional Cement heat types

A

Single-plug and Double-plug

Fabricated or Integral Heads

18
Q

Evaluation of a Cement Job

A

Job evaluation is the comparison of job results versus the job objectives and, if different, the determination of the reason.

19
Q

Squeeze operations objetives

A

Repair improper zonal isolation
Fill annulus to raise top of cement
Plug perforations to control water production
Repair corroded casing

20
Q

Cement job design basics

A

Hole & casing capacities, Formation temperature & pressures, Static & dynamic hydrostatic pressures, Flow regimes, etc

21
Q

Casing Hardware types

A
Shoes
Float Collars
Inner-String Cementing Equipment
Multiple Stage equipment & Baskets
Centralizers & Scratchers
Cementing Heads & Plugs
22
Q

casing hardware definition

A

Casing Hardware refer to the equipment use on or within the casing string to enhance casing placement into the hole and cementing operation.

23
Q

Not part of the BOP

A

Safety rams

24
Q

Pin puller checks

A

Check Visually to ensure that it retracts and engages fully

count the number of turns before the cement head is loaded and stabbed