primary care exam

Question 1

calgary Cambridge model

Answer 1

Initiating the Session 
Gathering Information 
Providing Structure
 Building Relationship 
Explanation and Planning 
Closing the Session

Question 2

how can you individualise care?

Answer 2

You must take into account their health beliefs, and their educational, social, cultural and economic backgrounds.

Question 3

stress is

Answer 3

Stress is a controversial term but is broadly understood to result from an “imbalance between demands and resources” or occurring when “pressure exceeds one’s perceived ability to cope.”

Question 4

techniques for minimizing risk and uncertainty

Answer 4

safety netting; arrange follow ups, know where help is, duration and red flags. 
Guidance 
Ask for advice
reflection 
good organisation 
note keeping

Question 5

what for of reasoning do GP’s use

Answer 5

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 6

what are some risk factors

Answer 6

sedentary lifestyle 
diet
drinking
smoking
obesity

Question 7

name the two basis’s for human behaviour

Answer 7

reflective or automatic

Question 8

what are the five core concepts behind social cognitive theory

Answer 8

observational learning/modelling (people learn by observing others – learned behaviours), outcome expectations, self-efficacy, goal setting and self-regulation.

Question 9

behavioural change theory looks at

Answer 9

personal beliefs, environmental factors and patterns of behaviour

Question 10

to influence behaviour information must be

Answer 10

relevant, easy to remember and available

Question 11

name hazards

Answer 11

physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, psychosocial

Question 12

routes of exposure

Answer 12

skin, blood, inhalation, ingestion

Question 13

3 principles of perception for risk

Answer 13

feeling in control (voluntary/involuntary)
size of the harm
familiarity of the risk

Question 14

GMC values for medical excellency

Answer 14

partnership, communication, teamwork

Question 15

WHO definition of health

Answer 15

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Question 16

types of questions plus examples

Answer 16

Open-ended question Is not seeking any particular answer but simply signals to the patient to tell his story.
Direct question -Asks about a specific item.
Closed questio-Can only be answered by a “yes” or “no”.
Leading question - Presumes the answer and is best avoided.
Reflected question Allows the doctor to avoid answering a direct question from the patient. Examples, using pain as the problem:
Open-ended: “Tell me about the pain?”
Direct: “Where is the pain?”
Closed: “Is the pain severe?”
Leading: “The pain is severe?”
Reflected: “You want to know the cause of the pain?”

Question 17

sytles of consultation

Answer 17

Authoritarian or paternalistic relationship

Guidance/co-operation

Mutual participation relationship

Question 18

strategies during a consultation

Answer 18

listening and silence

facilitation

Question 19

holisitc views of health

Answer 19

ideal state
physical and mental fitness 
commodity 
strength and ability 
basis for personal potential

Question 20

GPs are require to be revalidated every

Answer 20

5 years

Question 21

the practice team

Answer 21

Manager
IT/Admin Staff
Secretarial Staff
Reception Staff
Nurses – Junior/Senior
Advanced Nurse Practitioners/Physicians Assistants
Phlebotomists/Health Care Assistants

Question 22

three broad skills for interviewing

Answer 22

Content skills. What doctors communicate - the substance of their questions and responses, the information they gather and give; the treatments

Perceptual skills. What they are thinking and feeling - their internal decision making, clinical reasoning; their awareness of their own biases, attitudes and distractions.

Process skills. How they do it - the ways doctors communicate with patients

Question 23

what can influence a consultation

Answer 23

physical factors; records, site, enviroment

personal factors; beliefs, religous

non verbal communication and cues

Question 24

what comprises ethics

Answer 24

Principles
Values
Honesty
Standards, rules of behaviour that guide the decisions, procedures and conduct of individuals that respect the rights of all stakeholders affected by its operations

Question 25

what are the four principles fo medical

Answer 25

Respect for Autonomy
Non-malfeasance
Beneficence
Justice

Question 26

what are some ethical considerations you have to make

Answer 26

Non-judgmental approach
Not imposing personal views & respecting patients’ views
Confidentiality
Not exceeding your competency
Fitness to practise
consent

Question 27

ethical code of healthcare workers

Answer 27

“I understand and will uphold that all those caring for and treating patients are bound by a Duty of Candour”

Question 28

some reasons for gradient in socioeconomic health

Answer 28

Access to health care
Environmental exposures
The physical environment
The social environment
Health behaviours
Life course factors

Question 29

Access to healthcare takes into account

Answer 29

Affordability
Accessibility
Acceptability

Question 30

role of government in reducing exposure to health risk

Answer 30

Legislation
Regulation
Taxation