primary care Flashcards
what does person-centred care mean
places the patient at the centre, they are the only one with the authority to decides what happens to them, thus we must focus on their principles and values. These values are respect, choice and empowerment, patient involvement in health policy, access and support and information.
illness means
ideas concern and experience of the disease/disability. The patients experience.
disease means
symptoms, signs and diagnosis. The biomedical experience
what percentage of GP appointments are long condition
Accounts for 50% of GP appointments
what number of inpatient days in hospital are due to what long term conditions
70%
what is the impact of long term conditions on the individual
some conditions are more prominent than others, it may result in stigma against them. There is the burden of treatment and biographical disruption as well. Further impact may come in the form of being negative, denial, self-pity, apathy, depression, isolation, resulting in unhealthy coping mechanisms like alcohol abuse and painkiller addiction. Other individual responses may be more positive, turning towards friends and family, volunteering, learning about their condition and empowering themselves
what Is the impact of long term conditions on the family of the individual
On the family the impact may be financial, emotional and physical, even resulting in them becoming ill
geographic health differences across Scotland
areas of poor health include the more South Western parts of Scotland in particular Glasgow, whereas more improved health is commonly in the East with Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Long term conditions may also be more commonly found near Glasgow.
burden of treatment means
changing behaviours and lifestyle for both the patient and carer, the monitoring of symptoms, complex treatment regime and polypharmacy as well as coordinating the complex medical system.
biographical disruption means
loss of confidence in the body. Requires patients understanding their condition before they can adjust to it. Involves redefining what is good and bad
what are the multiple factors influencing symtpoms, chronicity and disability
Age, genetic, environmental factors, vulnerability to disease and the natural history of the disease
expert patient refers too
The expert patient – often know more about their condition than the doctors and nurses, they an become key-decision makers in the treatment process.
factors influencing patient’s reaction to a long term condition
Their reaction depends on nature of the disability, information, personality, coping strategies, reaction of those around them, available resources, support and time.
body and structure impairment definition
abnormalities of structure, organ or system function
activity limitation definition
changed functional performance by the individual
participation restriction definition
disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disability
benefits of illness
social, familial, psychological, financial, medication and responsibilities or lack thereof.
medical Causes of activity limitation
individual cause – drunk
underlying pathology – obesity
individual level intervention – health professional advice
individual change – change in behaviour
social causes of activity limitation
societal cause – low wages
conditions relating to housing
political action- facilities, access and policy
societal change – politically correct language
policies in place do prevent activity limitation
disability discrimination acts 1995 and 2005
Equality Act 2010
what are some medical factors for causing a desire to seek medical attention
such as new symptoms, visible symptoms, duration or severity
non-medical factors for causing a desire to seek medical attention
beliefs, expectation, social class, economic, environment, age, gender etc. lay referral and sources for info from peers, family, TV.
general practice role
an interface between the public
incidence means
number of new cases in a population over a specified time
how to convert epidemiology of population into risk
into ratios, the numerator is events and the denominator is the population at risk.
prevalence means
number of people in a population with a specific disease in a single point in time
relative risk refers too
strength of association between a risk factor and the disease under study. ( incidence in exposed group divided by incidence in unexposed group).
public sources of epidemiological data
mortality data, hospital activity statistics, cancer statistics, accident statistics, general practice morbidity, expenditure data, social security statistic, household health survey.
description epidemiology meaning
describe the amount and distribution of disease in human populations.
explanations epidemiology meaning
informing of the natural history, causes of the disease through epidemiology, biochemistry, occupational health and genetics.
disease control epidemiology meaning
what prevention measure could be put in place, lifestyle changes, and therapies available and how they may be monitored for their efficacy.
examples of epidemiology in use
the CHA2DS2-VAsc score for risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation. Others are bleeding risk.
descriptive studies meaning
describe the amount of distribution of a disease in a population, clues about risk factors and aetiologies.
