PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

Question 1

First Mass in Limasawa, Southern Leyte on _______, by the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan. The historic event introduced Christianity in the Philippines.

Answer 1

March 21, 1521

Question 2

not made or coming
from something else;
original.

Answer 2

primary
source

Question 3

a person, publication, or
object that gives
information

Answer 3

source

Question 4

coming from or creating
using an original
source.

Answer 4

secondary
source

Question 5

coming directly from
the original source.

Answer 5

firsthand

Question 6

not original; taken
from someone or
something else.

Answer 6

second
hand?

Question 7

are considered as contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly experienced or participated in the said event. Aside from eyewitness testimonies, primary sources also include materials that capture the event such as photographs, voice and video recordings, and the like.

Answer 7

PRIMARY SOURCES

Question 8

These materials are considered as original sources that directly narrate the details of the event. These sources can be in the form of

Answer 8

• diary & journal entries
• letters
• memoirs
• journals
• speeches
• photographs
• interviews
• government publications
• minutes reports
• artworks
• artifacts

Question 9

mostly include unpublished works of individuals that were discovered after some time such as during historical excavations and historical researches done in public and private libraries. In some instances, newspaper or magazine articles are also considered primary sources as long as they were written soon after the events and not as historical accounts.

Answer 9

Primary Sources

Question 10

serve as interpretations or readings of
primary sources.

Answer 10

SECONDARY SOURCES

Question 11

These sources usually contain analyses of primary sources academicians, and professionals. These are usually in the form of

Answer 11

• published works (journals & articles)
• reviews
• books
• conference papers
• documentaries
• biographies
• dictionary
• encyclopedia
• magazines
• newspapers

Question 12

can also be based on interpretations of other secondary sources, a or combination of primary and secondary sources. Many historical researches also bank on secondary sources to get different perspectives on a particular topic. However, relying too much on secondary sources may blur out the actual details of particular historical events.

Answer 12

Secondary Sources

Question 13

Six Points of Inquiries to Evaluate the Authenticity of a Primary Source

Answer 13

➢ Date – When it was produced?
➢ Localization – Where did it originate?
➢ Authorship – Who wrote it?
➢ Analysis – What pre-existing material served as the basis for its production?
➢ Integrity – What was its original form?
➢ Credibility – What is the evidential value of its content?

Question 14

He emphasized that it is impossible for historians to avoid using secondary sources due to difficulty in accessing primary sources.

Answer 14

Louis Gottchalk (1969)

Question 15

INTERNAL CRITERIA FOR CHECKING THE
AUTHENTICITY OF THE SOURCE

Answer 15

1. The genealogy of the document - is it original or a copy?
2. The genesis of the document
   - the situations and the authorities during the time of production
3. The originality of the document
   -from a primary source or just from a secondary source
4. The interpretation of the document
   - what the document is all about
5. The authorial authority of the document
   -what is the relationship between the subject and author
6. The competence of the observer
   -author’s capabilities
7. Trustworthiness of the observer
   -author’s integrity