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NASM PNS > Primary > Flashcards

Primary Flashcards

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0
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the American diet?

A

The most popular vegetable is the potato.

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1
Q

The two most important elements in the selection of food are:

A

Taste and texture of food

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2
Q

Nutrients are defined as the chemicals:

A

In foods that are essential for normal body functions.

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3
Q

An essential nutrient is a chemical that:

A

Must be consumed because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.

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4
Q

Nutrients are:

A

Substances that the body uses for energy and other functions.

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5
Q

Macronutrients are:

A

Needed in relatively large amounts by the body.

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6
Q

Which of the following substances supplies energy?

A

Carbs, protein and fats

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7
Q

Triglycerides are:

A

Lipids

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8
Q

As a macronutrient, protein can supply:

A

The same amount of energy per gram as carbohydrates.

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9
Q

After an experiment or study is complete, researchers present their results to scientific journals for:

A

Peer review.

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10
Q

The term moderation as part of menu planning means:

A

Not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet.

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11
Q

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to:

A

Promote health and reduce the risk for chronic disease.

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12
Q

What is MyPlate?

A

An Internet-based educational tool used to teach healthy eating and exercise habits.

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13
Q

MyPyramid was designed to be:

A

A personalized approach to eating healthy.

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14
Q

Tolerable upper intake levels:

A

Indicate amounts of certain nutrients that can be harmful.

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15
Q

All food labels must include:

A

A list of ingredients in the product.

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16
Q

It is illegal for a dietary supplement to:

A

Claim to cure a disease.

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17
Q

Which of the following is an example of an anthropometric component of a nutritional assessment?

A

Measurement of body fat percentage.

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18
Q

The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs 97% to 98% of individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as which of the following?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance.

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19
Q

When comparing labels to select the most healthful food products, it is important to compare the:

A

Percent daily values.

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20
Q

A polypeptide must contain at least how many amino acids?

A

10

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21
Q

Which of the following treatments is least likely to denature the proteins of food?

A

Freezing

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22
Q

True or false insulin is a structural protein.

A

False

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23
Q

True or false hemoglobin is a structural protein.

A

False

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24
Q

True or false keratin is a structural protein.

A

True

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25
Q

True or false leptin is a structural protein.

A

False

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26
Q

Antibody production is most likely to increase after

A

Being exposed to a virus

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27
Q

In maintaining proper acid-base balance, proteins act as

A

Buffers

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28
Q

Proteins within cell membranes control cell volume and nerve impulses by transporting

A

Potassium and sodium

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29
Q

High protein intakes can be harmful for people with

A

Kidney disease

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30
Q

Food labels list the quantity of protein per serving in

A

Grams

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31
Q

A high quality protein

A

Supplies all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed by the body.

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32
Q

Which of the following foods is the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?

A

Black beans

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33
Q

The coenzymes involved in energy metabolism are usually forms of

A

Vitamins

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34
Q

NADPH provides energy through

A

Electron release

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35
Q

Glycolysis takes place in

A

The cytosol

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36
Q

Carnitine’s function is to

A

Carry fatty acids into mitrochondria

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37
Q

In addition to the production of energy, the citric acid cycle produced building blocks for synthesis of

A

Nonessential amino acids

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38
Q

Which of the following biochemical pathways is an anaerobic process?

A

Glycolysis

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39
Q

Occurs when too many calories are consumed.

A

Lipogenesis

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40
Q

Transamination is must likely to occur during

A

Synthesis of of a protein

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41
Q

During starvation, the body’s highest priority is

A

Supplying glucose to the brain

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42
Q

The coenzyme A in acetyl CoA is formed from

A

Pantothenic acid

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43
Q

Which of the following is most likely to have a negative energy balance?

A

Starving child

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44
Q

The instrument used to measure the energy content of food us a

A

Bomb calorimeter.

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45
Q

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately what percent of total energy expenditure?

A

10

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46
Q

Which of the following activities expends the most energy per minute?

A

Cross-country skiing

47
Q

Which of the following calorimetry methods is considered to be the most accurate?

A

Double labeled water method

48
Q

Which of the following body composition methods also assesses bone density?

A

Dexa

49
Q

Having more fat cells than average is called _______ obese.

A

Hypercellular

50
Q

Which of the following defines an eating pattern in which a person avoids food for long periods of time and then gorges?

A

Restrained eating

51
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding physical activity and weight management?

A

Both cardio respiratory endurance and strength training activities are helpful in burning energy.

52
Q

Which of the following strategies can help someone gain weight?

A

Eat small, frequent meals that contain energy dense and nutrient dense foods.

53
Q

True or False - upon absorption, water soluble vitamins are transported via the lymph

A

False

54
Q

True or False - excess fat soluble vitamins are easily excreted in the urine

A

False

55
Q

True or False - A daily supply of water soluble vitamins is not necessary for health

A

False

56
Q

True or False - fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in the liver and adipose tissue.

A

True

57
Q

Vitamin A promotes vision through its effects on the

A

Cornea

58
Q

The skin and mucus membranes are comprised of which of the following cells?

A

Epithelial

59
Q

Which meal contains the most beta-carotene

A

Spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe

60
Q

Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during which months of pregnancy?

A

First and second

61
Q

Why do recommendations for vitamin D intake increase in later adulthood?

A

Synthesis of vitamin D decreases with age.

62
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood results in

A

Osteomalacia

63
Q

A free radical is a

A

Highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells

64
Q

High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of

A

Vitamin K

65
Q

The primary function of vitamin K in the body is to

A

Promote blood clotting

66
Q

Which structure removes excess water soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excretes them?

A

Kidneys

67
Q

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to leach from vegetables that are boiled in water?

A

Folate

68
Q

The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to

A

Act as coenzymes or as part of a coenzyme.

69
Q

Which of the flowing B vitamins are added to white flour for enrichment purposes?

A

Folic acid, thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin

70
Q

Riboflavin is unstable when exposed to

A

Light

71
Q

When protein intake is adequate, which of the following vitamins can the body make from tryptophan?

A

Niacin

72
Q

Which of the following biochemical pathways stops if Pantothenic acid is not present?

A

Citric acid cycle

73
Q

Consuming excess amounts of folate can mask a deficiency of

A

Vitamin B 12

74
Q

Vitamin B 12 is also called

A

Cobalamin

75
Q

Water’s strong surface tension is the result of

A

Hydrogen bonds

76
Q

It takes longer to heat apple juice than a piece of apple pie in a microwave because

A

Apple juice has a greater heat capacity.

77
Q

The sodium and potassium pump helps maintain fluid balance by

A

Transporting sodium to the outside of the cell

78
Q

Which of the following is the best source of water?

A

Milk

79
Q

Which of the following contributes the most sodium to a typical American diet?

A

Processed food.

80
Q

Hyponatrema can result from

A

Only consuming water

81
Q

Which of the following are major dietary sources of potassium?

A

Fresh fruits and vegetables.

82
Q

Metabolic alkalosis can be fatal because

A

Blood pH increases

83
Q

The protein that is must abundant in bone is

A

Collagen

84
Q

Which of the following minerals is stored in bone?

A

Calcium

85
Q

Cytochromes are iron containing compounds needed for

A

The electron transport chain

86
Q

Which of the following factors enhances iron absorption?

A

High need for iron.

87
Q

Which of the following people has the highest risk for iron deficiency?

A

6 month old infant

88
Q

A symptom of iron deficiency anemia is

A

Fatigue

89
Q

Which of the following foods is a rich source of selenium?

A

Tuna fish sandwich

90
Q

A child with hypothyroidism typically experiences

A

Weight gain

91
Q

Which of the following factors interferes with zinc absorption?

A

Iron suplementation

92
Q

Copper deficiency can cause

A

Anemia

93
Q

After the body absorbs fluoride, it distributes the mineral in

A

Bones and teeth.

94
Q

Boron’s primary role involves which of the following body systems?

A

Skeletal.

95
Q

Which of the following products are intended to supplement the diet, but do not represent themselves as a conventional food, meal, or diet?

A

Dietary supplements

96
Q

Which of the following nutrients generally has the smallest margin of safety when taking megadoses?

A

Minerals

97
Q

When taken in high doses, which of the following minerals often interferes with the absorption of other minerals?

A

Iron

98
Q

Taking megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause

A

Nerve damage

99
Q

Megadoses of vitamin C can cause

A

Diarrhea

100
Q

Ginkgo biloba appears to help

A

Blood circulation

101
Q

Which of the following foods is often referred to as an anticancer food?

A

Soybeans

102
Q

Which of the following federal programs offers a service for reporting adverse reactions to supplements?

A

MedWatch

103
Q

Which of the following is a form of complementary medicine?

A

Herbal therapy

104
Q

The traditional Eastern philosophy of yin/yang is incorporated into which of the following diets?

A

Macrobiotic

105
Q

A major social factor involved in the development of of eating disorders, especially in women, is

A

An unrealistic standard of thinness.

106
Q

Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders?

A

Unrealistic expectations to be perfect.

107
Q

A young woman involved in which of the following activities is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa?

A

Gymnastics

108
Q

Which of the following is the usual sequence of events in a bulimic person’s behavior pattern?

A

Emotional trigger, binging, purging

109
Q

When compared to women, men who develop eating disorders are more likely to be

A

Overweight

110
Q

Anorexia athletica frequently affects

A

Dancers

111
Q

How often does a person have to binge-eat on a regular basis to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder?

A

At least twice a week

112
Q

Antidepressant hormones used to treat bulimia increase which of the following hormones?

A

Serotonin

113
Q

What is missing from the binge-eating disorder disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic?

A

Purging

114
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic warning sign of bulimia nervosa?

A

Binge eating

115
Q

The process of adopting the cultural traits and social behaviors of another group.

A

Acculturation

NASM PNS (1 decks)

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