Primary Flashcards
Which of the following is true regarding the American diet?
The most popular vegetable is the potato.
The two most important elements in the selection of food are:
Taste and texture of food
Nutrients are defined as the chemicals:
In foods that are essential for normal body functions.
An essential nutrient is a chemical that:
Must be consumed because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.
Nutrients are:
Substances that the body uses for energy and other functions.
Macronutrients are:
Needed in relatively large amounts by the body.
Which of the following substances supplies energy?
Carbs, protein and fats
Triglycerides are:
Lipids
As a macronutrient, protein can supply:
The same amount of energy per gram as carbohydrates.
After an experiment or study is complete, researchers present their results to scientific journals for:
Peer review.
The term moderation as part of menu planning means:
Not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet.
The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to:
Promote health and reduce the risk for chronic disease.
What is MyPlate?
An Internet-based educational tool used to teach healthy eating and exercise habits.
MyPyramid was designed to be:
A personalized approach to eating healthy.
Tolerable upper intake levels:
Indicate amounts of certain nutrients that can be harmful.
All food labels must include:
A list of ingredients in the product.
It is illegal for a dietary supplement to:
Claim to cure a disease.
Which of the following is an example of an anthropometric component of a nutritional assessment?
Measurement of body fat percentage.
The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs 97% to 98% of individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as which of the following?
Recommended Dietary Allowance.
When comparing labels to select the most healthful food products, it is important to compare the:
Percent daily values.
A polypeptide must contain at least how many amino acids?
10
Which of the following treatments is least likely to denature the proteins of food?
Freezing
True or false insulin is a structural protein.
False
True or false hemoglobin is a structural protein.
False
True or false keratin is a structural protein.
True
True or false leptin is a structural protein.
False
Antibody production is most likely to increase after
Being exposed to a virus
In maintaining proper acid-base balance, proteins act as
Buffers
Proteins within cell membranes control cell volume and nerve impulses by transporting
Potassium and sodium
High protein intakes can be harmful for people with
Kidney disease
Food labels list the quantity of protein per serving in
Grams
A high quality protein
Supplies all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed by the body.
Which of the following foods is the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?
Black beans
The coenzymes involved in energy metabolism are usually forms of
Vitamins
NADPH provides energy through
Electron release
Glycolysis takes place in
The cytosol
Carnitine’s function is to
Carry fatty acids into mitrochondria
In addition to the production of energy, the citric acid cycle produced building blocks for synthesis of
Nonessential amino acids
Which of the following biochemical pathways is an anaerobic process?
Glycolysis
Occurs when too many calories are consumed.
Lipogenesis
Transamination is must likely to occur during
Synthesis of of a protein
During starvation, the body’s highest priority is
Supplying glucose to the brain
The coenzyme A in acetyl CoA is formed from
Pantothenic acid
Which of the following is most likely to have a negative energy balance?
Starving child
The instrument used to measure the energy content of food us a
Bomb calorimeter.
The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately what percent of total energy expenditure?
10
Which of the following activities expends the most energy per minute?
Cross-country skiing
Which of the following calorimetry methods is considered to be the most accurate?
Double labeled water method
Which of the following body composition methods also assesses bone density?
Dexa
Having more fat cells than average is called _______ obese.
Hypercellular
Which of the following defines an eating pattern in which a person avoids food for long periods of time and then gorges?
Restrained eating
Which of the following statements is true regarding physical activity and weight management?
Both cardio respiratory endurance and strength training activities are helpful in burning energy.
Which of the following strategies can help someone gain weight?
Eat small, frequent meals that contain energy dense and nutrient dense foods.
True or False - upon absorption, water soluble vitamins are transported via the lymph
False
True or False - excess fat soluble vitamins are easily excreted in the urine
False
True or False - A daily supply of water soluble vitamins is not necessary for health
False
True or False - fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in the liver and adipose tissue.
True
Vitamin A promotes vision through its effects on the
Cornea
The skin and mucus membranes are comprised of which of the following cells?
Epithelial
Which meal contains the most beta-carotene
Spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe
Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during which months of pregnancy?
First and second
Why do recommendations for vitamin D intake increase in later adulthood?
Synthesis of vitamin D decreases with age.
Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood results in
Osteomalacia
A free radical is a
Highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells
High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of
Vitamin K
The primary function of vitamin K in the body is to
Promote blood clotting
Which structure removes excess water soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excretes them?
Kidneys
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to leach from vegetables that are boiled in water?
Folate
The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to
Act as coenzymes or as part of a coenzyme.
Which of the flowing B vitamins are added to white flour for enrichment purposes?
Folic acid, thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin
Riboflavin is unstable when exposed to
Light
When protein intake is adequate, which of the following vitamins can the body make from tryptophan?
Niacin
Which of the following biochemical pathways stops if Pantothenic acid is not present?
Citric acid cycle
Consuming excess amounts of folate can mask a deficiency of
Vitamin B 12
Vitamin B 12 is also called
Cobalamin
Water’s strong surface tension is the result of
Hydrogen bonds
It takes longer to heat apple juice than a piece of apple pie in a microwave because
Apple juice has a greater heat capacity.
The sodium and potassium pump helps maintain fluid balance by
Transporting sodium to the outside of the cell
Which of the following is the best source of water?
Milk
Which of the following contributes the most sodium to a typical American diet?
Processed food.
Hyponatrema can result from
Only consuming water
Which of the following are major dietary sources of potassium?
Fresh fruits and vegetables.
Metabolic alkalosis can be fatal because
Blood pH increases
The protein that is must abundant in bone is
Collagen
Which of the following minerals is stored in bone?
Calcium
Cytochromes are iron containing compounds needed for
The electron transport chain
Which of the following factors enhances iron absorption?
High need for iron.
Which of the following people has the highest risk for iron deficiency?
6 month old infant
A symptom of iron deficiency anemia is
Fatigue
Which of the following foods is a rich source of selenium?
Tuna fish sandwich
A child with hypothyroidism typically experiences
Weight gain
Which of the following factors interferes with zinc absorption?
Iron suplementation
Copper deficiency can cause
Anemia
After the body absorbs fluoride, it distributes the mineral in
Bones and teeth.
Boron’s primary role involves which of the following body systems?
Skeletal.
Which of the following products are intended to supplement the diet, but do not represent themselves as a conventional food, meal, or diet?
Dietary supplements
Which of the following nutrients generally has the smallest margin of safety when taking megadoses?
Minerals
When taken in high doses, which of the following minerals often interferes with the absorption of other minerals?
Iron
Taking megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause
Nerve damage
Megadoses of vitamin C can cause
Diarrhea
Ginkgo biloba appears to help
Blood circulation
Which of the following foods is often referred to as an anticancer food?
Soybeans
Which of the following federal programs offers a service for reporting adverse reactions to supplements?
MedWatch
Which of the following is a form of complementary medicine?
Herbal therapy
The traditional Eastern philosophy of yin/yang is incorporated into which of the following diets?
Macrobiotic
A major social factor involved in the development of of eating disorders, especially in women, is
An unrealistic standard of thinness.
Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders?
Unrealistic expectations to be perfect.
A young woman involved in which of the following activities is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa?
Gymnastics
Which of the following is the usual sequence of events in a bulimic person’s behavior pattern?
Emotional trigger, binging, purging
When compared to women, men who develop eating disorders are more likely to be
Overweight
Anorexia athletica frequently affects
Dancers
How often does a person have to binge-eat on a regular basis to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder?
At least twice a week
Antidepressant hormones used to treat bulimia increase which of the following hormones?
Serotonin
What is missing from the binge-eating disorder disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic?
Purging
Which of the following is a characteristic warning sign of bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating
The process of adopting the cultural traits and social behaviors of another group.
Acculturation
