Priciples And Practices Flashcards
What are the four components central to the leadership concept?
Leadership is a process
Leadership involves influence
Leadership occurs in groups
Leadership involves common goals
Who first looked at leadership by studying big city mayors
John Knotter
John knotter described leadership process as producing movement through what three sub processes
Establishing direction
Aligning people
Motivating and inspiring
What two things are needed to make a successful organization
Both leadership and management
What time frames does management look at?
Short time frames, a few months to the next fiscal year
What are the five major leadership traits according to Peter North House
Intelligence
Self-confidence
Determination
Integrity
Sociability
What three skills are identified in the skills approach developed by Peter North House
Technical
Human
Conceptual
Which leadership approach emphasizes the personality characteristics of the leader
Behavioral approach
Which leadership approach emphasizes the capabilities of the leader
Skills approach
The behavioral approach falls into what two general kinds of behaviors
Task and relationship
Which behaviors facilitate goal accomplishment
Task behaviors
Which behaviors help followers feel comfortable with themselves, with each other, and with the situation in which they find themselves
Relationship behaviors
The central purpose of the ____________  approach is to explain how leaders combine these two kinds of behaviors to influence followers in their efforts to reach a goal
Behavioral
What assumes that every decision made in every action taken in the workplace are driven by peoples values, attitudes, and beliefs
Grid theory
Who developed grid theory that was eventually applied to crew resource management
Blake and Mouton
How many questions did the survey contain that Blake and mutton developed that measures a person’s level of concern?
35
Which management style represents the lowest level of concern for both results and people
Impoverished or indifferent manager
Which type of management style is the least visible person in a team or a follower who maintains distance from active involvement whenever possible
Impoverished or indifferent management
Which management style relies heavily on instructions and process
In different management
Which type of manager demonstrates a high concern for results, but a low concern for others
Authority compliance, or controlling manager
Which type of manager is usually highly trained, organized, experienced, and qualified to lead a team to success
Authority compliance manager
Which type of leader is demonstrating the autocratic leadership style?
Authority compliance management
Which type of management demonstrates a low concern for results in a high concern for other people?
Country club management
Also known as accommodating
Which type of management maintains a heightened awareness of the personal feelings, goals, and ambitions of others, and always considers how proposed actions will affect them
Country club management
Which type of management is approachable, fund, friendly, and always ready to listen with sympathy and encouragement
Accommodating manager
Which two management styles are diametrically opposed in their perspectives
Authority compliance manager and country club manager
Which management style believes there is an inherent contradiction between the concerns for results and for people, but does not value one concern over the other
Middle of the road or status quo manager
Which leadership style is the status quo manager demonstrating?
Laissez faire
Which leadership style moves the decision-making from the fire officer to the individual firefighters
Laisse Faire or status quo
Which leadership style is effective when working with experienced firefighters and when handling routine duties that pose little personal hazard
Liaise fairE
Which management style sees no contradiction and demonstrating a high concern for both people and results at the same time
Team management or sound manager
Which attitude leads to more effective work relationships based on what’s right rather than who’s right
Sound attitude
Which management style is preferred for a candidate who seeks to become a successful fire officer
Team management model
The team management model demonstrates what leadership style
Democratic
Which leadership approach stresses that leadership is composed of both a directive and a supportive dimension
Situational Leadership approach
How many categories are there of directive and supportive behaviors?
4
 Which category of leadership is high directive and low supportive
S1 directing style
Which leadership style is high directive high supportive
S2 coaching style
Which leadership style is high, supportive, low directive
S3 supporting style
Which leadership  category is low supportive, low directive
S4 delegating style
What are the four categories of directive and supportive leadership style?
Directing
Coaching
Supporting
Delegating
High directive, low supportive
S1
High directive, high supportive
S2
High supportive, low directive
S3
Low supportive, low directive
S4
Which leadership style gives more attention to the charismatic and effective elements of leadership
Transformational leadership
Which leadership style utilizes a 360° feedback process and focuses on developing a compelling vision for the leader
Transformational leadership
What are the five dimensions of authentic leaders?
Purpose
Values
Relationships
Self-discipline
Heart
Which leadership approach focuses on leadership from the point of view of the leader and his behaviors
Servant leadership
Which leadership style emphasizes that leaders be attentive to the concerns of their followers, emphasize with them, and nurture them
Servant leadership
Which leaders put followers first, and power them, and help them develop their full personal capacity
Servant leadership
Which leadership style has been a focused interest of the international Association of fire chiefs for fire officer development
Servant leadership
Which leadership style focuses on the activities of the leader in relation relation to the work of the followers One confronted with a technical or adaptive challenge
Adaptive leadership
What are the six leadership behaviors of adaptive leadership?
Get on the balcony
Identify the adaptive challenge
Regulate distress
Maintain disciplined attention
Give the work back to the people
Protect leadership voices from below
Which type of leadership is a complex process that includes situational challenges, leader, behaviors, and adaptive work
Adaptive leadership
__________ involves a power differential between the follower and the leader
Followership
What is the capacity of one party to influence another party?
Power
What type of power is described as the result of the target person response from the agent making a request?
Social power
What type of power occurs when the target person believes that the agent has the right to make the request and the target person has the obligation to comply
Legitimate power
What type of power occurs when the target person comprise due to admiration of or identification with the agent and seeks approval
Referent power
What type of power occurs when the target person complies to avoid punishment believed to be controlled by the agent?
Coercive power
Which type of power includes expert and referent, and reflects the effectiveness of the individual
Personal power
What are the three examples of positional power?
Legitimate
Reward
Coercive
What type of power has control over the physical environment, technology, or organization of work
Ecological power
What are created to resolve an organizational problem or handle a temporary need?
Work groups or task forces
To be effective as a manager, a fire officer must develop skills that are directly related to what
Managing human resources
What is the process of having the right number of people in the right place at the right time who can accomplish a task, efficiently and effectively?
Human resource planning
What includes all activities to train and educate employees?
Human resources development
What is a formal document that outlines the basic reason for the organizations existence and states how it sees itself
Mission statement
What is the first step effective delegation?
Define your desired results
What is the last step in effective delegation?
Arrange feedback during the process
What are the five options in relation to step three of effective delegation?
Take action independently
Take action and report back
Action to the officer for approval
Provide two or more recommended actions
Provide information about the pros and cons of different options
What is one of the most unique and vital leadership responsibilities for a fire officer?
His role in crew resource management
Crew resource management contributed to a ___ percent reduction in aviation industry accidents
80%
Who developed the “dirty dozen” a comprehensive list of reasons and ways that humans make mistakes
Gordon DuPont
Who said that each layer of defense is more like a slice of Swiss cheese than a solid barrier?
Dr. James reason
James reason sites two reasons that explain why holes appear in layers of defense
Active failures and Latent conditions
What are the unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system?
Active failures
What are the inevitable resident pathogens within a system?
Latent conditions
Of the five steps listed to create a safety culture with a fire department what is the first step?
Provide honest sharing of safety information without the fear of reprisal from supervisors
What is the last step a fire department should take from the five steps to create a safety culture
Train fire officers in evaluating situations, reinforcing air, avoidance, and managing the safety process
Crew resource management is an error management model that incorporates what three activities
Avoidance
Entrapment
Mitigating consequences
What are two keys to reducing errors resulting from miscommunication?
Developing a standard language
Teaching appropriate assertive behavior
What two things are discrete, learnable skills that promote synergy between the mechanical elements and the human players in a scenario
Inquiry and advocacy
What Is the process of questioning a situation that causes concern?
Inquiry
What is the statement of opinion that recommends what the person believes is the proper course of action under a specific set of circumstances?
Advocacy
What is the first step that Tom Bishop from the air prevention Institute teaches as a five step assertive statement process
Use an opening/attention getter
What is the last step that Tom Bishop from the air prevention Institute teaches as a five step assertive statement process
Obtain agreement or buy
Fire officers, formally exercise leadership of the team through a combination of what two things
Rank and authority
True respect is based on what three competencies
Personal
Technical
Social
What four things should a follower perform a self assessment of their ability to function as part of a team on
Physical condition
Mental condition
Attitude
Understanding human behavior
What is the first step in the CRM task allocation phase?
Knowing ones own limits and the capacity of the team
Which decision-making process process describes how commanders can recognize a plausible plan of action
Recognized primed decision-making
Which decision-making process describes how commanders make decisions in their natural environment
Naturalistic decision-making
What is the first step that should be followed to maintain emergency scene situation awareness
Fight the fire
What is the last step in maintaining emergency scene situational awareness?
Be aware of situational awareness, loss factor
Influencing people to complete tasks requires the fire officer to be skilled in what areas
Communicator
Active listener
Fire ground commander
The fire officer meets the supervisor responsibilities by doing what three things
Making effective decisions
Properly assigning tasks
Understanding the grievance process
The fire officer developed members through what three things
Effective skill training
Evaluation of competence
And addressing member related problems
A manager will use leadership to _______ tasks, and a leader will use leadership to _______tasks
Accomplish
Influence
Listening is a face-to-face situation, is an active process that requires what three things
Good eye contact
alert body posture
Frequent use of a verbal engagement
What is a standard method of transmitting in order to a unit or company at the incident scene?
Communications order model
The first arriving fire officer provides leadership and direction to responding units by implementing what
Incident management system
Project made a found that what percentage of May days there is a major breakdown at communications, orders, issued or received, missed messages, walkover, communications, and the worst of the problems, missing a mayday call?
87%
According to project Mayday, what percentage of Mayday calls were missed the first time?
54%
Fire officers need to keep the chief officer informed about what three areas?
Progress towards performance, goals, and project of objectives
Matters that may cause controversy
Attitudes and morale
What is the first step of five in effective high-quality decision-making?
Defined the problem
What is the last step in the systematic approach to high-quality decision-making?
Evaluate the results
How long should you give groups of 4 to 16 to generate ideas to solve a problem when brainstorming?
15 to 25 minutes
A legitimate problem-solving process has to be reasonable and based on what two things
Logic and organizational values
Complex and long range tasks may require two things?
Formal project management plan
Designated coordinator
What must an implementation plan include to ensure that the goals are met?
A schedule
Emergency incident operations must be conducted in a structured and consistent manner. This goal is accomplished by placing a strong emphasis on what?
SOP’s
What provides a framework to allow activities to be efficiently completed through the efforts of everyone involved in the event?
SOP
Command staff assignments include the roles of what three officers?
Incident safety officer
Liaison officer
Information officer
What is the first obligation when a Mayday is received?
To maintain radio discipline
What is the second obligation of a company officer when a Mayday is received?
Maintain company or group integrity
What remains the method of choice of a candidate must describe how to improve performance with an existing procedure or explain a new procedure or device?
four step method
What are the four steps of the four step method?
Prepare
Present
Apply
Evaluate
When did the four method originate?
World War I
What was the four step method renamed to?
Job instruction training
What is the foundation of the work performed at the fire instructor one level
The four step method
What are three indicators that training is needed
Near Miss
Fire ground problem
Observed performance deficiency
How does a fire officer begin preparing for the four step method?
By obtaining the necessary materials and teaching aids
During a presentation, what allows the fire officer to stand topic and emphasize the important points to be addressed?
A lesson plan
Success of the application step of the four step method is achieved when the student can perform the task safely without what?
Any input from the supervisor
At which level of understanding does learning start?
Conscious incompetence
Active learning research recommends spending no more than 10 minutes presenting a formal lecture or video presentation because students lose focus after how many minutes of passive learning?
15 to 20
Psycho motor skills can be classified into what four categories
Initial
Plateau
Latency
Mastery
Which level of skill is demonstrated when a driver operator knows the main street and has a basic understanding of how the street grid and numbering system works
Initial
Which level of skill is demonstrated when a driver can drive to more than 85% of the streets in the companies response area without assistance from the officer?
Plateau
Which skill level is demonstrated when a driver can remember the route to an area of a district where the engine company has not had a response for several months?
Latency
Which level of skill is administrated when a driver can easily drive to any address in the district and knows at least two or three alternative routes to each area?
Mastery
What does a fire officer need to do to maintain Firefighters confidence in seldomly used skill set?
Provide enough repetition and simulations
What four federal regulations are covered as part of an emergency service training program?
Blood-borne pathogens(CFR 29)
Hazardous materials, awareness, and operations
SCBA fit testing
Incident management system, Homeland security directive five
A lesson plan satisfies what four criteria?
Organizes the lesson
Identifies key points
Can be reused
Allows other to teach the program
What is the first phase of the conflict management template?
Obtain as much information as possible about the problem
What should a fire officer focus on when dealing with an individual who is expressing a concern or a problem?
Active listening
Who provides a conflict resolution model that is an especially effective when emotions are high?
Michael Taigman
What are the four steps to the conflict resolution model when emotions are high??
Drain the emotional bubble
Understand the complaints of viewpoint
Help the complainant feel understood
Identify the complaint and expectations for resolutions
A 2015 study by firefighter behavioral health alliance reports that what percent of those surveyed contemplated suicide?
37%
10 times greater than the general population
One study found that what percentage of firefighters report binge drinking compared to 23% of males and the general population?
58%
What occurs when a person who experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with a traumatic event may experience, numbing, reduced awareness, depersonalization, realization, or amnesia?
Acute distress disorder
To get an acute stress disorder diagnosis the disorder must last for how long?
Minimum of three days and a maximum of four weeks
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you find the five E’s of prevention?
Step three - develop strategies and tactics to mitigate risks
What are the five E’s of prevention?
Education
Engineering
Enforcement
Economic incentives
Emergency response
The first three steps of developing a community risk reduction program comprise a what?
Risk assessment
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you identify an allocate needed resources??
Step five- implement the plan
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you seek input from Firefighters working with the fire officer and other public safety personnel, as well as suggestions from community groups, and people outside the fire department?
Step four - prepare the community risk production plan
What year was the community emergency response? Team concept developed and implemented by the Los Angeles fired department?
1985
The CERT participant hazard annex includes how many lesson plans for hazardous situations?
13
What type of customer expectation is described with the phrase? I called for an ambulance. Why did a firetruck respond?
Explicit
I expect that the fire will quickly be extinguished after the fire company arrives
Implicit
The jurisdictions annual report states an average response time of six minutes and 30 seconds. I expect it will take that long to get to my location after calling 911
Static performance
How the service evolves overtime/experience. After my last experience, drive me to the hospital instead of calling 911.
Dynamic
Why can’t fire department a speak to fire department be on the radio
Technological
Those firefighters were fantastic. They took care of the problem and were great at keeping my kids calm.
Interpersonal
I expect the fire department to restore the sprinkler heads that were activated in the fire
Situational
What do citizens frequently complain about?
Local government unresponsiveness
What should be used to develop and choose the best alternative evidence supporting the existence of a widespread problem has been obtained?
Conflict resolution model
What five disconnects did Bill Manning describe that our challenges of implementing the national fallen Firefighters foundation life safety initiatives
Culture change is viewed by some as a threat
Bad behaviors and attitudes are allowed to leach into what the membership sees as part of tradition
Safety and mission within the organizational cultures imbalanced
The voices of safety leadership are either subconsciously, muffled or consciously subdued
The lessons from behavioral safety science have not been embraced by fire service leaders, much less blended into everyday operations
What are the backbone of order for the fire department and every individual should understand
Policies
What can general tax revenues be spent for?
Any purpose that is within the authorized powers of the local government
What are the top three local tax revenue sources?
General sales and gross receipt taxes
Property taxes
Income taxes
What is a moral, mental, and physical state in which all ranks respond to the will of the leader
Discipline
What type of discipline is based on punishing inappropriate behavior or unacceptable performance?
Corrective discipline
Due to the nature of firefighting work, outstanding performance is recognized in what three ways?
Awards
Ribbons
Bonuses
What is one of the most effective strategies within the realm of positive discipline
Empowerment
What Are three ways of corrective discipline considered informal by many organizations
Oral reprimand
Warning
Admonishment
What type of maintenance is performed to reduce the wear and tear on devices, vehicles, and facilities is usually on a predetermined schedule?
Preventative maintenance
What type of maintenance is done to keep the item, vehicle, or fixed facility operational?
Corrective maintenance
What type of log should the company officer encourage every firefighter to diligently maintain?
Exposure log
What type of reports provide information that is related to fire department personnel, programs, equipment, and facilities?
Routine reports
Which report documents, the companies activity during the proceeding month?
Monthly activity and training report
Which type of report is required by state workers compensation agencies whenever an employee is injured?
Supervisors report
The supervisors report of injury must be submitted within what timeframe?
24 to 72 hours
Which NFPA outlines six considerations to take into account when completing a pre-incident plan?
1620
What four actions does the USF administration recommend to reduce arson and vacant and abandoned buildings?
Monitor
Secure
Inspect
Mark
How often will an incident action plan need to be developed according to Nims?
Every 12 hours
Who is usually the authority having jurisdiction for a state fire code?
Marshall
At the local level, fire and safety codes are enacted by adopting what?
Ordinance
Which NFPA is a model code document that contains requirements specifically related to protecting the lives of building occupants, covering detailed information on means of egress?
NFPA 101 life safety code
What documents are developed by standards developing organizations such as the national fire protection Association and made available for adoption by authorities having jurisdiction?
Model codes
How are model codes developed?
Through a consensus process using a network of technical committee
How often are model codes updated?
Every 3 to 5 years
After clarifying means of egress and access, what is the second reason for fire companies to perform inspections?
To check the status of the built-in fire protection features
The NFPA report US experience with sprinklers found that sprinklers operated effectively in what percent of all reported structure fires that were large enough to activate the sprinklers?
92%
When sprinklers were operated what percentage of the time were they effective?
96%
What type of sprinkler system is designed to reduce the risk of water damage due to accidental sprinkler discharge or a broken pipe?
A reaction system
During building surveys and inspections, you should pay particular attention to what?
The condition of the standpipe system
What type of fire production systems are preferred for protecting cooking equipment?
Wet chemical systems
What extinguishing agent was the agent of choice for fire protection and computer rooms and to protect electronic equipment from 1950 to 1990s?
Halon 1301
Halon 1301 is about ____ percent more efficient than carbon dioxide for extinguishing fires.
250%
What type of foam system is used to protect hazards involving flammable or combustible liquids
Low expansion foam system
What type of foam system is used in areas where the goal is to fill a large space with foam thereby excluding air from the area and smothering the fire?
High expansion foam system
Many of the code requirements that apply to a particular building or occupancy are based on what?
It’s classification
What three ways are buildings classified?
Construction type
Occupancy type
Use group
Which type of construction often uses compartmentation instead of fires sprinklers to control fire spread?
Type One construction
Type 2A structural frame is expected to resist a fire for how many hours?
One hour
Which type two construction is not expected to resist the effects of fire?
2B
Which type of construction is a common 20th century construction method and described as the 20 minute interior firefighting rule by Francis Branigan?
Type 2 construction
Type two construction is durable, but it’s not a legacy building and will require replacement and how many years?
30 to 40 years
In type three construction, the exterior loadbearing walls of the building are what material?
Non-combustible masonry
Type three construction is usually no higher than how many stories?
Four stories
Type 3A construction is expected to last how many hours under fire?
1 to 2 hours
What type of construction is as durable as a type one structure?
Type 4 construction, heavy temper
What type of structures are the most common?
Type five wood frame
What refers to the purpose for which a building or portion of a building is used or intended to be used?
Occupancy type
Code requirements of a building are determined by the structures what?
Use group
What type of occupancy is used for the purpose of medical or other treatment or for the care of four or more persons wear such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation due to age, physical or mental disability, or security measures not under the occupants control?
Institutional
Structures that do not fit neatly into a regular occupancy category should be placed into what category?
Miscellaneous
Less critical issues found during an inspection can be corrected within a reasonable time. Period. Generally, how many days?
30 to 90 days
What two things are equally important considerations in occupant an evacuations?
Exit signs and emergency lighting
What type of building fires are responsible for a higher than average number of fire fighter line of duty deaths?
Mercantile businesses
What is a prime concern when inspecting residential properties?
Preventing fires from igniting
What level of hazard are general purpose manufacturing facilities considered?
Low to moderate
Who must determine when to stop fire suppression or over alcohol operations as part of the effort to preserve evidence for the investigator?
The fire officer
Structural firefighting is a practice built on what two things?
Experience and experiments
IS 100
Introduction to incident command system
IS 200
ICS for single resources and initial action incident
IS 300
Immediate ICS for expanding incidents
IS 400
Advanced ICS command and general staff for complex incident
How many days is ICS 300 and 400?
Two days
IS 700
National incident management system introduction
IS 800
National response framework introduction
Which ICS training is for small incidents involving one or two resources?
IS 200
Which ICS training is designed for those who would function in a command or general staff position during a large or complex incident?
IS 300 intermediate ICS for expanding incidents
Which ICS training is a two day hands-on course that designed for those who would function as part of an area command, EEOC, or multi agency coordination system?
IS 400 advanced ICS command and general staff complex incident
What are the five components of Nims?
Preparedness
Communications
Resource management
Command and management
Ongoing management and maintenance
In medium to large scale incidents, the tactical level components would be called what?
Divisions, groups, or units
What a first arriving fire officer does in the first __ minutes of the incident dictates how the scene will run for the next hour.
Five minutes
According to the fire officer principles and practice book, what are the three options for initial operational modes??
Investigation
Fast attack
Command mode
What are the three immediate command functions?
Determination of strategy
Selecting incident tactics
Establishing and IAP
According to the rapid intervention team analysis performed by the Phoenix fire department, how many firefighters does it take to rescue one?
12
What type of fire is a typical modern day fire?
Ventilation limited
You can soften a target by applying how much water into the compartment and dramatically reduce fire development and improve conditions?
30 to 90 seconds
Legacy dwellings were built before what year?
1980
How much bigger are modern dwellings compared to legacy dwellings
Almost twice as large
What is one of the most significant factors in size up?
Visualization
What are the five steps in Lloyd Layman’s five size up process?
Facts
Probabilities
Situation
Decision
Plan of operation
Knowing whether the resources on scene and in route will be sufficient to handle the incident, knowing specific capabilities and limitations of the responding resources in relation to the problem, and the capabilities and limitations of the personnel based on training and experience are all part of which step of Lloyd Lehman’s size of process?
Situation
What are the three size up steps that the national fire Academy has developed?
Pre-incident information
Initial size up
Ongoing size up
What are the two major components to an IAP?
Determination of appropriate strategy
Development of tactics to execute the strategy
What helps guide the decision-making process and ensure consistency between officers and events?
SOP’s
What does slicer stand for?
Size up
Locate
Identify / control flow path
Cool space from the safest location
Extinguish the fire
Rescue
Salvage
When referencing slicers and cooling the space from the safest location, it has been shown that and initial application of __ to __ seconds of water into a compartment dramatically reduces heat within the flop path and improves occupant Survival.
30 to 60 seconds
NFPA reports that how many firefighters were killed in the line of duty in 2018?
64
Of the 64 firefighters that were killed in 2018 what was the largest share of death reason?
Over exertion, stress, medical
44%
What was the second leading cause of death of the 64 Firefighters in 2018?
Vehicle crashes
What percentage of the death caused by overexertion, stress, medical were cardiac related
89%
A hot zone is under the direct supervision of who and has an identified entry exit point?
Unit, branch, or group leader
29% of fire ground injuries were caused by what?
Overexertion/strain
What is the difference between an initial rapid intervention crew and a rapid intervention crew?
Two vs four members
What is the only reason command should be transferred?
To improve the quality of the command organization
What are the three types of control for managing risks?
Administrative
Engineering
Personal protection
What is the first of five steps for risk management?
Identify risk exposure
What is the fifth of five steps for risk management?
Evaluate and revise risk control actions
What percentage of fire ground injuries were strains and sprains?
48%
According to NFPA firefighter fatalities in the United States 2018 report there have been approximately how many fire fire fire ground fatalities per year since 2007?
26
What percentage of the 26 fire ground fatalities were from sudden cardiac death?
39%
How many life safety initiatives were developed by the everyone goes home program from national fallen Firefighters foundation?
16
What are four things a fire off officer can do to improve the safety of his crew?
Be physically fit
Wear seatbelts
Practice safety through training and personal example
Maintain fire integrity at emergency incident
The national fallen Firefighters foundation life safety summit noted that it disproportionate number of Firefighters older than what age die of cardiac arrest while on duty?
49 years old
A fire department is how much more likely to experience a suicide in any given year than a line of duty death?
Three times more likely
What three tips does the national fallen firefighter foundation use to summarize the importance of physical fitness?
Regular medical check ups
Regular exercise
Eat healthy
The firefighter cancer support network estimates that firefighters have what percent higher risk of being diagnosed with cancer and the general US population?
9% higher
Requiring Firefighters to wear seatbelts is a simple requirement that could prevent how many fatalities every year?
3 to 6 fatalities
What is the primary non-cardiac cause of death during suppression operations?
Internal trauma/crushing
What type of training is an effective tool allowing experience firefighters to improve their group performance at standard evolutions?
Whole skill training or training in context
What percentage of non-emergency annual line of duty deaths occurred during training training?
46%
What NFPA sets standards for a fire department safety officer?
1521
If there is a need for more than one safety officer, they will be referred to as what?
Safety unit
Who is the third line of defense after the individual and the fire officer for ensuring that firefighters obtain appropriate rehab?
Incident safety officer
What type of program is needed to reduce fire fighter deaths and injuries?
A physical fitness program that includes cardiovascular, strength, and flexibility training
What NFPA is the standard on infection control programs?
1581
What percentage of bleach and water solution is typically used for infectious control?
1% bleach
What are the three phases of an accident investigation?
Identification and collection of physical evidence
Interviews with with witnesses
Written documentation
What might the fire officer have to activate when the need for resources exceeds the normal capabilities of the fire department and involves numerous other agencies?
Local emergency plan
What is essential when operating at an emergency scene?
Rigid command and control process
What type of approach to supervision and motivation is essentially important when considering non-fire incidents, a crumbling, built environment, homeland, security, cultural diversity, and ethics?
All hazards approach
Structure fires account for only what percentage of the response workload based on data submitted to the national fire incident reporting system?
4%
What are the primary causes of non-cardiac death within a burning structure?
Flashover and structural collapse
Which act specified that an employee could not be forced into a contract by an employer as part of obtaining and keeping a job?
Norris LaGuardia act
A contract by employers required for workers to sign saying they would not join a union as long as the company employed them was called what?
Yellow dog contract
Which act forms the basis of formal labor relations in the United States?
Wagner Connor act
With the Taft-Hartley labor act unions were required to engage in good faith bargaining, and a cooling period of how many days?
60 days
Where was the first fully paid fire department in United States established?
Cincinnati, Ohio
What was the first state to allow public employee bargaining with their employer?
Wisconsin
Fire officer twos are tested with improving individual and company level performance through what for things?
training
Coach
Evaluation
Feedback
What is a change in focus from errors and outcomes to behavioral choices made by subordinates?
Just culture
What type of leadership changes and transforms people because it needs leaders and understanding, individual emotions, values, and ethics and achieving long-term goals?
Transformational leadership
The fire officer should require all firefighters who have completed probation to identify how many work related goals. They want to achieve during the next evaluation Period.
Three
What 3 things does the fire officer use to improve? Unacceptable performance or behavior?
Feedback
Coaching
Performance appraisals
What do high-performance organizations that have significant dangers utilize to address behavior and performance issues?
A just culture approach
Which approach focuses on the behavioral choices that the individual makes that lead to the unacceptable behaviors?
Just culture
What is the first goal and correcting at risk behaviors?
Understanding the thought process that led up to the action
When dealing with an employee who has a substandard employee evaluation when should you provide notification?
As soon as an issue arises or at least 10 weeks before the annual evaluation is due
What type of plan might a municipality require for an employee who has a substandard evaluation?
Work improvement plan
Which evaluation error happens when an officer rates all of their firefighters either higher or lower than their actual work performance?
Leniency or severity
Which evaluation error occurs when the evaluators perspective SKUs, the evaluation such that the classified job knowledge, skills and abilities are not appropriately evaluated?
Personal bias
Which evaluation error occurs when the fire officer evaluates only on incidents that occurred in the last few weeks or rather than all of the events through evaluation?
Recency
Which evaluation error occurs when a firefighter is evaluated on the basis of the fire officers personal ideals instead of a job standards?
Frame of reference
Which evaluation error occurs when a fire officer concentrate on only one aspect of the Firefighters performance, which is either exceptionally good or bad?
Halo and horn effect
Which evaluation error occurs when the fire officer compares the performance of one subordinate with a performance of another subordinate?
Contrast effect
Unless there is a problem with the employees performance, the scheduled evaluation should be used primarily is now opportunity to discuss what?
Future goals and objectives
What is the process of setting performance standards and evaluating performance against those standards?
Performance management
What are the four levels of navy human factors analysis and classification system?
Level one unsafe act
Level two preconditions to unsafe act
Level three unsafe supervision
Level four organizational influences
What are the two categories of unsafe acts?
Errors and violations
How many categories is unsafe supervision broken down into?
Four categories
Which approach acknowledges that humans make errors and drift in performance?
The just culture approach
Which two organizations provide an accreditation to fire service professional certification systems?
National board on fire service, professional qualifications
International fire service accreditation Congress
An important concept and developing a community risk reducation plan is identifying what?
Acceptable level of risk
A complete community route risk reduction plan identifies what for things ?
Goals
Partners
Activities
Anticipated outcomes
What are the two types of communications communicated to the media?
Risk and crisis communications
Suicide by social media
Dave Stetter
What type of communication is needed to document both routine and extraordinary fire department activities?
Written communication
What type of communication includes internal memos, emails, instant messages, and messages messages transmitted via MDT?
Informal communications
What type of document is formal and addresses a specific subject, policy, condition, or situation?
General order
A verbal presentation consist of what four parts?
Getting their attention
Interest statement
Details
Action
What is required for a purchase that exceeds a certain large amount?
Requisitions
Fire department expenditures are generally divided into what three areas?
Personal cost
Operating cost
Capital expenditures
More than what percentage of a courier fire department budget is likely to be allocated to salaries and benefits?
90%
Bonds are repaid over what time.?
10 to 30 years
What is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving recognition and definition of a problem?
Scientific method
The first step in fire caused determination is to identify what?
The area of origin
The area of origin can be identified by interpreting what?
Fire patterns
What provides the fire officer with a history of the fire?
Fire patterns
The origin of a fire is typically at the base of what shaped pattern?
V or U shaped pattern
The analysis of what is closely related to the fire intensity pattern
Char
What two things must a source of ignition have to cause something to ignite?
Enough energy and must remain in contact with the fuel long enough
What three components does a component ignition source have?
Generation
Transmission
Heating
What is the process of determining the origin, cause, development, responsibility, and when required a failure analysis of a fire explosion?
Fire analysis
Approximately how many fires that a fire department response to is a highway vehicle fire?
One in eight fires
What is the second most common cause of residential fires?
Smoking
What are the two reasons that heating is the third leading cause of residential fires?
Primary ignition caused by improper maintenance
Combustibles located too close to the heating device
The use of zero clearance fireplaces has caused an increase in what type of ignition?
Pyrolysis
What is the most common electrical fire scenario?
Misuse by the occupant such as overloading electrical circuits, using lightweight extension cords for major appliances or operating too many devices for the electrical service.
According to national statistics, what percentage of structure fires are intentional?
6%
Six basic motives for arson
Profit
Crime concealment
Excitement
Spite/revenge
Extremism
Vandalism
What ESF is firefighting?
4
Where should the liaison officers area be?
Adjacent to, but not inside the command post
Who initiated servant leadership in 1970?
Robert K Green Leaf
What is the top position position at the triangle of leadership?
Effective leadership
What is the first component of a self-assessment?
Physical condition
Dividing responsibilities among individuals and teams in a manner that allows them to be accomplished effectively is best described as?
Task allocation
Who encouraged managers to question the value of each organizational activity at least once a year?
Peter Drucker
And which step of Taigmans model should you listen and take detailed notes?
Help the complainant feel understood
In which step of the forest head method does a firefighter demonstrate a task or skill under the fire officers supervision?
Step 3 - application
What term has a fire service adopted that focuses on fixing problems, straightening out procedural, glitches, correcting errors of a mission, and providing information?
Customer service
What year was the national building code 1st published?
1905
Standpipe systems are subdivided into three classes based on what?
They’re expected use
Which NFPA standard is the standard on types of building construction?
NFPA 220
What percentage of the time are sprinklers present in the fire area and the fire is large enough to activate them?
88%
Apartment buildings are buildings containing how many living units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities?
Three or more
Covered shopping malls would be considered, which type of occupancy?
Special properties
What percentage of fire occurring vacant buildings are the result of incendiary or suspicious origin?
72%
What is the standard for professional qualification for fire investigator?
NFPA 1033
Which NFPA standard is the standard on emergency services incident management system, and command safety?
1561
How is the incident management system designed to be implemented?
Incrementally
What is the first step in transferring command from one fire officer to another?
The officer, assuming command must communicate with the initial Internet command
What level of the core Nims curriculum is Nims multi agency coordination system?
701
Who authored the 1940s fundamentals of fire tactics?
Lloyd layman
Cording to the national fire Academy when does the second phase of size up begin?
On receipt of the alarm
The term used to describe the observation that without intervention, a fire will consume all the fuel disposal is known as  what?
Fuel Limited
What is the final step in Lloyd Lehman’s decision process?
Develop the actual plan that will be used to mitigate the incident
Which risk management would determine the likelihood of an injury or loss event could occur and then determine the consequences that would result?
Evaluate the risk exposure
What percentage of firefighter injuries can be attributed to stains or sprays?
48%
What percentage of injuries can be attributed to wound, cut, bleeding, and bruises?
22%
What percentage of fire further injuries can be attributed to smoke or gas inhalation?
10%
What percentage of fire foot injuries can be attributed to thermal stress?
2%
What percentage of firefighter debts can be attributed to asphyxia?
9%
What percentage of firefighter deaths can be attributed to burns??
5%
What percentage of firefighter deaths can be attributed to sudden cardiac death?
39%
What percentage of firefighter debts can be attributed to internal trauma/crushing?
36%
How many firefighter deaths per year on average were there after the Everone goes home program was imp lamented?
70 compared to 100 prior to
How many carpenter death resulted from motor vehicle collision?
Eight
What NFPA standard is a standard emergency service work apparel?
1975
What is the first component of NFPA 1581 infection controlled program?
A written policy with the goal of identifying and limiting exposure
What is the NFPA standard on health related fitness programs?
1583
How many firefighters died of suicide in 2018?
82
How many EMTs died of suicide in 2018?
21
Which organization created share the  load?
National volunteer fire council
Which college partner with the national fallen firefighters foundation to develop helping heroes?
Medical University of South Carolina
Who offers a guide on establishing a peer support group?
IAFF
What is the first of six steps in the budget cycle process?
Identification of needs and required resources
What is the moral, mental, and physical state in which all ranks respond to the will of the leader?
Discipline
The company Journal has been a fixture in the fire station since century?
19th century
The paramilitary structure of the fire department was established and what years?
1860s
The paramilitary structure of the fire department is based on which military deployment model?
Civil War
What is the third most common type of fire heart department respond to?
Odor or hazardous condition
Annual civilian deaths have increased from 86, 30 years ago how many since 2015?
More than 100
Review of FEMA disaster declarations of the past 40 years shows that how many more countries were hit by disaster scale hurricanes?
4 times more
How many disasters per year did the United States require more than $1 billion from fema?
13
The process identifying problems and opportunities and resolving them is called?
Decision-making
Which law made yellow dog contracts unenforceable?
Norris LaGuardia
Which act prohibited management from interfering with or for some employees to try to organize?
Wagner Connery
Which act established the procedure that commonly referred to as collective bargaining?
Wagner Connery
Which act was passed by Congress to try and restore some balance between unions and employers?
Taft Hartley
What right did the Taft Hartley act give workers?
The right to refrain from joining a union
Which act protects employees from being pressured by union?
Taft Hartley
Which president issued an executive order they gave federal employees the right to bargain collective?
John Kennedy
Which act can a president invoke if a strike affect the key industry or put the health and safety of the nation in jeopardy?
Taft Hartley
What year did the international Association of firefighters resend, its rule prohibiting strikes by affiliated local?
1968
What percentage of local governments have forbidden employee strikes?
40%
Strikes by state employees are illegal in all, but how many states?
10
Conscious disregard of a substantial and unjustified risk requires what type of reinforcement to discourage reckless behavior?
Negative reinforcement
The process for dealing with job related behavior that does not need expected and community performance standards is known as?
Progressive negative discipline
When do informal or written reprimand expire?
No longer than one year
When does a formal reprimand expire?
Usually one year
The process of imparting knowledge or skill through systematic instruction is known as
Education
The first fire college in the United States was created in Los Angeles by who?
Ralph J Scott
What is directed toward the practical application of education to produce an action?
Training
What is a component of the United States fire Academy that works to enhance the ability of fire and emergency service professionals to deal more effectively with fire and related problems.
NFA managing fire officer program
Which organization that works with most fire and emergency services agencies is a 501(c) three?
CPSE FIRE Officer credential
The statistical description of economic, and social issues of a community is known as
Community demographic profile
Which NFPA covers community risk assessment and community risk reduction plans?
1300
What is a single station smoke alarm with a dead or missing battery?
Dead smoke alarm
What is the most common situation in which a fire official would appear as an official spokesperson?
Interview
Which NFPA tip on using social media with the fire officer need to spend every day getting the message out?
Commit
An organizational directive that identifies the desired goal and describes the general path to accomplish the goal, including critical tasks or cautions is known as what?
Standard operating guidelines
What tells us how the ignition source material is used?
Form of material
The US fire administration reports that what percentage of vehicle fires are caused by mechanical failure and malfunction?
44%
What is the first goal of the fire officer assigned their responsibility for completing the NFIRS report?
Determine whether a formal fire investigation is needed
If a fire is deemed suspicious, the fire officer needs to do what?
Evaluate and consider delaying overhaul operations
No fire cause is determined in what percentage of highway vehicle fires?
23%
What percentage of arson fires involved structures?
45%
What is the primary agency that deals with firefighting under ESF 4?
Department of agriculture/forest service
What is an organizational element with functional responsibility for a specific activity or a specific geographical assignment?
Unit
How much water should be allotted per firefighter per day in the summer?
10 gallons
How many emergency support functions are there?
15
Balloon frame construction was popular until what timeframe?
1930s
What are newer 3 to 7 story wood framed multifamily dwellings often type five construction with lightweight wood trust components in the floors and roof called?
Podium
What percentage of the time was there a breakdown in communications during a Mayday??
87%
One factor that distinguishes a fire officer from a firefighter is a responsibility to act as an agent of what?
The formal organization
Student loans are the fastest growing segment of the household debt increasing almost what percentage since 2007?
157%
Of the total number of Firefighters injured in the line of duty what percentage of these injuries occurred on the fire ground?
Less than half
Which NFPA standard describes the required capabilities of rapid intervention crew?
1407
What percentage of total injuries were caused by training?
14%
What percentage of firefighter deaths were caused by training?
17.2%
Who describes management as the process that creates orderly results which keeps something working efficiently?
John Kotter
During which phase of the size up should a fire officer perform a 360° walk around?
Phase 2
In which level of understanding does a firefighter know how to perform the evolution or skill the correct and complete way?
Conscious competence
Which level of the core Nims curriculum is Nims public information system?
702
Which level of fire officer responds as the senior fire official to alarms for fires, vehicle, extrication, hazmat incidents, and medical emergencies?
Fire officer 2
What determines whether a fire officer will be successful or not?
Firefighters
Who imported one of the first hand powered fire engines from England and donated it to the Alexandria fire department in Virginia?
George Washington
What did early insurance companies mark the homes of their policy holders with?
A plaque or fire mark
Three forms of corrective discipline taken to discourage inappropriate behavior or poor performance
Counseling sessions
Formal reprimand
Suspension of duty
In concern of staffing, the company officer needs to make work assignments based on what three things?
Individual qualifications
Experience
Capability
Short range planning
Up to one year
Medium range planning
1 to 3 years
Long range planning
Longer than three years
Which function of management are fire officers implementing when they are considering the impact of the budget before making purchases, when they are conducting employee performance appraisals, and when they are ensuring compliance with departmental policy?
Controlling
Knowledge essential to ensure a safe and harmonious working environment are?
Rules and regulations
Policies
Standard operating procedures
General orders, directives, or informational bulletins are short term items lasting less than how long?
A year
Permanent documents similar to the administrative law regulations used by the town, city, region or state?
Standard operating procedures or guidelines
What has improved the quality of protective clothing, the safety of firefighting equipment, the content of training programs, and the response to firefighter addiction and post traumatic stress disorder?
Labor advocacy
What is the second most important issue noted by administrative fire officers
Making prompt notifications
What is the third and fourth most important items for fire officers, as determined by administrative fire officers?
Decision-making and problem-solving are of equal importance
The fire department has an agency wide mission that is translated into what?
Annual goals
Where do monthly goals show up?
Fire companies daily planner
What three things should a fire officer who is going to establish command upon arriving at emergency incident have?
Detailed knowledge of the responding companies
Mastery of the local procedures
Ability to issue clear and direct orders
Which three areas are aerial views especially valuable for?
Apartment complex
Business parks
Retail areas
What two things does a fire officer need to have that combined with the formal symbol create an effective fire officer?
Core values of integrity and ethical behavior
What can be demonstrated by a steadfast adherence to a moral code?
Integrity
What is the key to improving ethical choices?
Having clear, organizational values
What are ethical choices based on?
A value system
Which civil rights act covers state and local governments, schools, colleges, and unions
Civil rights act of 1964
The equal employment opportunity act of 1972 amended the civil rights act of 1964 and expanded its coverage to include what?
Almost all public and private employers with 15 or more employees
Which civil rights act provides additional compensatory and punitive damages in cases of intentional, discrimination and increased the number of discrimination lawsuits filed against organizations?
Civil rights act of 1991
For things that they consent decree can require a department to do?
Community outreach
Job fares
Pre-employment preparation
Peer group coaching
Who does cases law and current practice currently state that determines whether a situation is hostile or harassment?
The complaintant
What did the foundation of company officer practice start with?
The big city fire company foreman of the 1880s
How did John Cotter define management
Create orderly results which keep something working efficiently
What is the one component common to nearly all leadership classifications
Leadership is an influence process that assists groups of individuals toward goal attainment
The freedom to test the limits of success with enthusiasm and confidence is the consequence of which management style?
Team Management
What type of leadership is popular in leadership training and organizational consultation venues?
Situational leadership
Who introduced the concept of situational leadership?
Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard
When does success using an authoritative style come?
When the fire officer has developed the trust and confidence in his subordinates before the incident
Which leadership style utilizes a 360° feedback process and focuses on developing a compelling vision for the leader?
Transformational leadership
What is the Premier skill of a servant leader?
Listening
What is an important character trait that will serve the officer well in the future, when dealing with others who have not followed the rules because they do not seem fair?
Followership
What are two values that every firefighter needs to demonstrate?
Responding to emergencies
Preserving public trust
Which generation is the most independent and success oriented and grew up with the Internet and will research issues or problems?
Post millennials or generation Z
Which generation wants to know the Y and is not afraid to tell anyone what they think or feel?
Millennials or generation Y
Which generation is the early technology adapter and is independent and productive?
Generation X
Which generation is goal oriented, and avoids conflict?
Baby boomers
Where did the concept of management emerge from?
Industrial revolution
What are terms in CRM that are cues to open the door to inquiry and advocacy?
Buzzwords
What essential components of communication segment of CRM are the toughest lessons to impart because they often require a wholesale change in the interpersonal dynamics?
Inquiry and advocacy
Which types of leaders readily admit when they have made mistakes, except responsibility, and focus their attention on moving forward?
Superior leaders
Who pays special attention to helping others develop their skills?
Mentors
What provides an effective vehicle for leaders to impart knowledge and skill to the subordinates?
CRM
Four core values of CRM
Trust
Respect
Safety
Mission
Circle of success
Inquiry statement
Advocacy
Conflict resolution
Decision
Observe critique
Options
How is decision making improved?
Gaining experience
Training constantly
Improving communication skills
Engaging in pre-incident planning
What effects performance and decision-making?
Situational awareness
The first few minutes after arrival at an exceptionally chaotic scene can lead to what
Overload
What is one aviation practice that can help maintain situational awareness when preparing for a low frequency high risk task?
Saying the checklist out loud
What is a solid strategy for improving situational awareness for the individual and crew?
The use of mental joggers
Five ways a new fire officer can build trust with Firefighters
Know the fire officer job
Be consistent
Walk your talk
Support your Firefighters
Make Firefighters feel strong
What is transformational leadership concerned with?
Emotions
Values
Ethics
Standards
Long-term goals
CRM suggests what three things are the keys to reducing errors resulting from miscommunication?
Developing a standard language
Maintaining a sterile cockpit
Teaching appropriate assertive behavior
What is frequently the first link in a chain of errors that leads to calamity?
Loss of situational awareness
What approach concentrates on the conditions under which individuals work and tries to build defenses to avert errors or mitigate their efforts?
The CRM approach
What four resources does managing Firefighters require?
Physical
Financial
Human
Time
A leadership style of which managers make decisions unilaterally
Autocratic
How leaders encourage people to adapt when confronted with problems, challenges, and changes.
Adaptive leadership
Anything that can clog or interfere with the medium that is delivering the message
Noise
The eight suggestions to improve communications to minimize environmental noise are intended to improve communications dealing with what types of activities?
Administration and supervisory activities.
What is the purpose of active listening?
To help the fire officer understand the firefighters viewpoint to solve an issue or problem
Under the time, pressure of an emergency incident what can be as important as communicating effectively
Management of the communications process
It is important to use radio terminology that meets
Department SOP’ss
What percentage of Mayday calls were one of the phrases listed in project, Mayday said?
88%
What word should criteria statements in brainstorming contain?
Should
How many ideas from brainstorming should be chosen as the best ones?
Five
What rating scale should be used for brainstorming?
0 to 5
Meet all the criteria
When generating alternative solutions for a problem, Firefighters should be able to anticipate that their decision will be implemented if what?
If it meets the criteria
When attempting to implement a solution to a problem, the work group benefits from what which lists tasks, responsibilities, and due dates?
Project plan
What does a project plan list?
Tasks
Responsibilities
Due dates
In particular, when might a Complex long range tasks may require a formal project management plan and a designated coordinator.
Multiple agencies involved
When evaluating results after solving a problem, what must the evaluation depend on?
Complexity of the problem and the solution
When should an initial evaluation be completed to evaluate the results of a problem-solving In most cases?
Immediately following implementation
What is required when determining whether or not a solution actually solved a problem?
Some type of measurement that compares the original condition condition after implementation
A basic tactical unit for emergency operations with the fire officer in the role of a working supervisor
Fire company
What is one method of a signing tasks that allows for more participation in the process he reduces the number of decisions the officer must make at the scene?
Rely on broad SOP’s
After every incident, when should the fire officer review the event to clarify issues and answer questions?
While still at the scene or as soon as possible after returning to quarters
What is most fire officer supervision directed towards?
Accomplishing routine, organizational goals and objectives in non-emergency conditions
Three components of a lesson plan
Breakdown the topic into simple units
Show what to teach, in order to teach it and exactly what procedures to follow
Use a guide to help accomplish the teaching of objective
What is the final preparation activity in step one for the four step method?
Check the physical environment
Exceeded time limit
Missed a critical step
Created a safety hazard
Unable to perform the task
Unconscious incompetence
What level of firefighters skull confidence is observed when a firefighter completes the evolution or skill performance on a first attempt and may meet the minimum requirements for recruit training?
Conscious incompetence
The fire officer needs to provide these two things to maintain firefighter confidence and seldomly used skill set?
Repetitions and simulations
The expected behavior falls into what three areas
Responding to alarms
On scene activity
Emergency procedures
Fire an emergency incident require a unique category that for which type of skills?
Specialized problem-solving skills
Non-emergency situations require the application of which type of problem, solving skills and techniques?
Conventional
Dealing appropriately with problems and conflicts requires what 4 things?
Maturity
Patience
Determination
Courage
What is the product of an investigation?
A report
A investigation report should report three objectives
Identify and clearly explain issues
Provide a complete, partial and factual presentation of background information and facts
Action plan based on the information
Mutual on Britain expectations that exist between an employee and his policies and practices that can influence the attitude and job performance employee?
Psychological contract
What percentage of Firefighters have contemplated and attempted suicide according to the study from 2017
37% contemplated
Almost 7% attempted
Five essential conversations Firefighters need to have in the marriage
Re-entry time
Harshness and gallows humor
Handling the tough runs
Dealing with fix-it mentality
Keep your first family first
Five steps to help the fire officer accomplish developing a specific training program
Assess needs
Establish objectives
Develop the training program
Deliver the training
Evaluate the impact
What is the most difficult challenge of a CRR plan?
Holding members accountable for their area of responsibility
In terms of time on task, the fire officer spent more time performing what functions then they do emergency response and mitigation?
Personnel related functions
How long on average did six of the seventh last per sessions that occurred in the United States last?
10.8 months
What is the starting point for a positive discipline?
Establish a set of expectations for behavior and performance
A commitment to what type of training produces competent and confident firefighters and fire companies?
In station training
What is one of the most misunderstood aspects of the fire service although it is a core of the fire department existence?
Understanding the fire departments budget
What should be included in the supervisor report?
Chronological statement of events
What is the most common form of reporting?
Verbal communication from one individual to another
Two primary methods used in big cities to contain the fire within a building or area?
Compartmentation
Automatic sprinkler systems
Is compartmentation considered an active or passive fire protection method?
Passive
Sprinkler system is active
Which NFPA should water flow testing be conducted in accordance with?
291
What is one of the most effective ways of preventing fires in vacant buildings?
Boarding a building up to keep unauthorized occupants out
Vacant building marking system X in box?
Exterior operations only unless there is a known life hazard
Single line in a vacant building marking system box?
Interior operations should be done using extreme caution
What is the number for fire companies required for an incident affected by?
Fuel loading
What stage has a fire entered when it has consumed all the oxygen but fuel is still available?
Decay stage(smoldering)
What 2 codes provide legally enforceable safety standards within a state, province or local jurisdication?
Building and fire codes
At the local level, fire and safety codes are encased by adopting what?
Ordnances
Most jurisdications use model codes developed by which two organizations?
NFPA and INternational Code Council
3 components to a water based fire protection system
Automatic sprinkler system
Standpipe system
Fire pumps
Why do dry pipe systems require more maintainence?
Because they have to be drained after activated
Which automatic sprinkler system requires less maintenance?
Wet pipe system
What is sometimes added to a wet pipe system to prevent freezing in an unheated area?
Antifreeze
Being phased out due to environmental concerns and costs
Is a deluge system wet or dry?
Can be wet or dry
When is a fire pump designed to start automatically?
Water pressure drops or system is activated
What should the pre incident plan required for buildings with a carbon dioxide in a fixed system?
SCBA and atmospheric monitoring
How are dry or wet chemical systems activated?
A fusible link or manual pull station
A strip shopping center with cinderblock walls, unprotected steel columns, and steel bar joists is what type of building?
Type 2B
What type of occupancy is used to house 4 or more people under varied degrees or restraints?
Detentional and cporrectional
Dwellings that sleep 16 or more people on a transient or permanent basis without separate cooking facilities?
Losing or rooming houses
Sleeping accommodations for more than 16 persons typically for transient persons.
Hotels
Sleeping for 16 or more people not members of the same family.
Dormitories
Buildings containing 3 or more dwelling units with independent cooking and bathrooms.
Apartment buildings
What category can special properties that do not fit neatly into the regular occupancy be put in?
Miscellaneous
Where are NFPA 704 markers generally required?
Entrance to building
Doorways to chemical storage area
Fixed storage tanks
What is an attribute that is absolutely a must in the fire service regardless of rank?
Situational awareness
4 steps for conducting inspections
- Schedule inspection based on use group or occupancy
- Hold in station drill to review code sections.
- Break fire company in 2 person teams
- Company reviews findings.
NFPA for portable fire extinguishers
10
What type of occupancy will manufacturing facilities that are determined to be high hazard facilities ?
Hazardous materials occupancy
Unlawful search and seizure is prohibited by which amendment of the constitution?
4th
What is the recommended span of control for emergency incidents?
3 - 5
How do you activate the command process?
Initial radio report and announcing command has been established
3 command modes according to principles and practices?
Investigation
Fast attack
Command mode
Immediate command functions?
Determining strategy
Selecting incident tactics
Establishing an IAP
Average time to make contact with a downed FF?
5.82 minutes
Total time inside a building for each RIC team?
12.33 minutes
Total rescue time for RIT operation?
21 minutes
NFPA for RIC
1407
Softening the target?
30 to 90 seconds of water into compartment
What should a fire officer do before introducing additional air into a compartment that is belching dark, billowing smoke?
Soften the target with a quick application of water and coordinated ventilation efforts with fire hose crews.
What can help an officer in determining ventilation timing?
Volume and color of smoke
3 questions that need to be answered in phase 2 of the NFA size up process?
What do i have?
Where is it going?
How do i control it?
NIST and UL research show the dramatic impact of the initial application of how much water into a compartment?
30 to 60 seconds
cool the space from the safest location
What percentage of the 64 firefighter deaths in the line of duty were operating at the fire ground?
39.1%
What percentage of the 64 firefighter line of duty deaths were when responding to alarms?
15.6%
What percentage of the 64 firefighter line of duty deaths were caused during training?
17.2%
Percentage of firefighter injuries caused at the fire ground?
42%
Percentage of firefighter injuries during training?
14%
Percentage of firefighter injuries during responding to alarms/
8%
Two members from the initial attack crew who are assigned for rapid deployment to rescue lost or trapped members
IRIC
Initial rapid intervention crew
After transfer of command to a chief officer, where might a company level officer be assigned?
Division or group supervisor or with he new IC at the command post
In which situation is it especially important to use a tactical worksheet when transferring command?
When the first arriving company started in command mode
Two fully equipped personnel on site in a ready state for immediate rescue of disoriented, injured, lost or trapped rescue personnel.
RIC
An acronym used by the first arriving company officer to accomplish important strategic goals on the fire ground.
SLICERS
What are the 3 responsibilities of risk management?
Manage the risk
Provide servics for risk management measures
Maintain a fire dept readiness to perform
What’ describes the steps needed to be taken to change the current culture of the fire service to help make it a safe work environment?
16 firefighter life safety initiatives
What changes are as important to the body as wearing full protective equipment?
Changes in lifestyle
NFPA on fitness
1583
Driver minimum qualifications NFPA
1002
How are many of the firefighters killed in motor vehicles crashes?
Thrown from vehicle
Which qualifications should live fire instructors have?
Instructor 1 and live fire instructor at a minimum
What provides a definitive guide on how to ensure safe and realistic live fire training from both the student and instructor?
Live fire training: principles and practices
3 points from NFFF for firefighter rehab
Stope before you drop
Stay hydrated
Monitor vital signs
Who would provide a post incident analysis for the department int he form of a written report that includes pertinent information relating to safety and health issues involved with an incident?
Incident safety officer
What is an additional responsibility for the fire officer 2?
Developing professional development plans for each fire officer 1 and fire fighter
What is the reason for delegating the rummaging power by the legislature to an administrative agency under the Model State Procedure Act?
To bring scientific and technical details in the rules that area created.
What percentage of responses are for firefighting?
4%
1/2 of these are for structure fires
What act combined with the other 4 major acts created the foundation for collective bargaining.
Railway labor act
Wagner Connery act defined 5 unfair labor practices
Interfering with employees in a union
Stopping a union from forming and collecting money
Not hiring union members
Firing unions members
Refusing to bargain with the union
What si the biggest distinction between a captain and lieutenant?
The captain is a managing supervisor
What act made yellow dog contracts unenforceable?
Norris
Which act established the national labor relations board and the procedure for labor relations?
Wagner
Which act established a bill of rights for members of labor organizations>?
Landrum
Which type of leadership remains important when we engaged in high hazard emergency scene activity?
Transactional leadership
4 different ways transformational leadership helps build follower commitment
Idealized influence
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized Consideration
What do leaders use to get followers to reexamine assumptions, week different perspectives, and encourage nontraditional thinking?
Intellectual stimulation
What do leaders use to build emotional commitment to a mission or goal
Inspirational motivation
Which type of leader treats other as individuals with different needs, abilities and aspirations?
Transformational leaders
What type of goals provides a focus beyond the minimum day to day activities and helps firefighters prepare for future promotional examinations or assisngments?
Establishing annual goals
5 classifications of human intention from the just culture process?
Human error
At risk behavior
Reckless behavior
Knowingly causing harm
Purposely causing harm
Lieutenant making the call to not wait for an ambulance and instead decided to transport a child in respiratory distress to the hospital via a ladder company?
At risk behavior
Type of behavior a firefighter is taking by not wearing SCBA while performing vertical ventilation even though the policy says to.
Reckless behavior
How long do suspension normally run for?
1 to 30 days
Tunnel vision is an example of
Fixation
NFPA for fire float, testing and marking of hydrants?
NFPA 291
Standard on emergency services incident management system, and command safety
1561
According to NFPA United States firefighter fatalities 2018, what percentage of deaths can be attributed to sudden cardiac death?
39%
Level of risk if a specific target hazard or critical facility response and monitoring is required?
Moderate risk
What is the role of the insurance investigator at the scene of a fire?
To look for factors that contribute to loss
Which risk management step would you determine the likelihood that an injury or loss event could occur and then determine the consequences that would result?
Evaluate the risk exposure
What is the first step of Lloyd Lehman’s five step process for analyzing emergency situations?
Facts
Evaluation error that occurs when a firefighter is evaluated on the basis of the fire officers personal ideals instead of the classified job standards
Frame of reference
What is the first step for a fire officer serving as a witness in a legal proceeding?
Be prepared for giving testimony
