price and income elasticity of demand Flashcards
elasticity
measure the responsiveness of demand to a change in a relevant variable.
price elasticity of demand
measure the extent to which the quantity of a product demanded is affected by a change in price
price elasticity of demand formula
change in quantity / change in price
interpretations of ped
price elastic - more than 1
price inelastic - less than 1
unitary price elasticity - equal to 1
why price elasticity of demand matters
revenue would increase - price cut
revenue would decrease - prices increase
Factors influencing ped
Price inelastic
- brand strength, necessity, habit
Price elasticity
- availability of substitutes
income elasticity of demand
measures the extend to which the quantity of the product demanded is affected by change in income
income elasticity of demand formula
change in quantity demanded % / change in income %
normal good
which demand increases as income increases
luxury and necessities Income elasticity
luxury - more than 1
necessities- less than 1 but not more than 0
Inferior goods
income rises demand falls
Limitations of calculating and using elasticities
- other factors affect demand
- competitors will react
- many markets subject to rapid tech change