PRI Rule Flashcards
Kate Doyle
“When the pact between the people and the government began to come apart … Mexico’s extended political crisis began”
Alexander Aviña on Mexico’s Dirty War
Mexico’s Dirty War encapsulated “the moments and systematic practices of state-sponsored terrorism used by the regime to target individuals and groups deemed as threats”
John Sherman on the media
“docile print media”
Adella Cedillo
(1) explored the disappearance of guerrillas during Mexico’s Dirty War of 1960s and 1970s
(2) concluded three members of National Liberation Forces were apprehended by the Mexican military, transported to a secret prison, and never seen alive again with no documentation of their death in federal custody
Alexander Aviña on state violence
“assassinations, massacres in public spaces, and quotidian forms of state violence carried out by troops and state police became primary instruments of state domination”
US Embassy description of Díaz Ordaz
“get tough, no nonsense” (Aug 1968)
US Embassy predication of crackdown
“With the opening of the Olympics scheduled for 12 October, the government will probably meet any attempt to resume demonstrations with very tough measures” (Sept 1968)
US Embassy description of the PRI (Nov 1968)
“the PRI is entrenched, stagnant, and primarily self-serving “
US Embassy: “internal difficulties
are commonly attributed to ‘outside agitation’”
Elena Poniatowska on slogans
student slogans: “Dictatorship, No, Democracy, Yes,” “Free the Political Prisoners”
Olympic slogans: “Welcome,” “Bienvenido a Mexico”
Felix Fuentes account in La Prensa
“the bursts of machine gun fire”
“The shouts, the weeping, and the desperation”
ambulances prohibited from entering until around 7pm
1970 Election
(1) 36% of registered voters did not vote, and 58% of eligible voters did not vote
(2) described as the abstentionist party
(3) Luis Echeverría PRI candidate victory
Increase in student body
UNAM
1949: 23,000
1968: 80,000
% of Mexican population against student movement
80%
June 1971 Massacre
students and sympathisers marched in Mexico City, right-wing thugs (or porros) appeared (courtesy of free bus transportation), police stood and watched as gangsters savaged unarmed protestors, and killed two or three dozen
How many armed guerrilla organisations appeared during Dirty War?
1940-82: more than three dozen appeared in almost every region, urban and rural, promulgating a diverse variety of revolutionary ideas and practices
When was LC23S formed?
March 1973
About LC23S
(1) umbrella group of radicalised student organisations, Marxist-Leninist ideology, primarily middle-class and urban
(2) only group able to maintain some kind of cohesion
(3) viewed armed struggle as the only feasible option following the student massacres of 1968 and 1971
(4) plagued by internal factionalism, battered by state forces, and lacked popular support
(5) dissolved in 1982
PAX PRIísta
describes the relative peace during the post-1940 under PRI hegemony
tactics employed to quell popular resistance
(1) repressive tactics
(2) massacre of protestors in public spaces
(3) selective assassination of dissident movement leaders
When was the DFS established?
1947
What does DFS stand for?
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
What was the DFS?
(1) political police force
(2) preserved national security
(3) purged leftist union leaders
Image of PRI versus reality of PRI
(1) cultivated image of modernisation, middle-class affluence, and revolutionary nationalism for both domestic and international audiences
(2) however majority of country experienced economic inequality and poverty
1969-79 number of reported forced disappearances in Guerrero?
600
capacity of PRI to guarantee hegemony twofold
(1) to deploy repressive forces in order to maintain political domination
(2) to control narrative surrounding incidents through formal and informal forms of censorship
