Previous Exams Flashcards
Which of the following summarizes the immunologic defenses of the respiratory system?
The main immunoglobulin in the upper respiratory passages is IgA and the main one in the lower areas is IgG
A vet describes diseased lung in a sheep as consolidated. What does the term consolidated indicate about the lung
The consolidated lung has high protein fluid and fibrin in the alveoli
If a vet is evaluating a gross lung specimen or a radiograph of a lung, what features will tell her that the lung has bronchopneumonia rather than interstitial pneumonia.
Bronchopneumonia has cranioventral distribution pattern
Which of the following conditions would be expected to cause interstitial pneumonia?
Bacteria or endotoxin being delivered to the lung via the bloodstream
Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause pulmonary edema?
Increased hydrostatic pressure within alveolar capillaries and increased alveolar capillary endothelial cell permeability.
Which is a potential cause of blood in the upper airways of horses?
Ethmoid hematoma
Exercise-induced pulmonary hermorrhage
Gutteral pouch mycosis with rupture of the internal carotid artery
A farmer brings in a dead neonatal calf, which appears a bit small for a presumed full term calf. The birth was not witnessed. At necropsy, the lung is dense and sunken in appearance. The tissue does not float in formalin. Histologically the alveolar lumens are collapsed. Which is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Fetal atelectasis due to stillbirth
What is the most likely route of infection in lungs with cranial lesions?
Airborne
A client brings in her megaesophagus dog. The dog has been coughing, and now is febrile, lethargic, and dies in the exam room. You are thinking aspiration pneumonia. Where in the lungs are you most likely to find the lesion?
Right middle lobe
What histologic lesions are most specifically characteristic of interstitial pneumonia?
Edema fluid, fibrin, and inflammatory cell within alveolar walls
You are called to examine a group of growing pigs with sneezing and mucopurulent nasal discharge. You notice a few pigs have lateral deviation and distortion of the nose. What’s most likely going on.
The group has a mized bacterial infection (Pasturella multocida and Bordatella bronchiseptica), resulting in inflammation in and destruction of the nasal turbinates
A car is brought into your clinic for a 2 week history of sneezing, gagging, and dyspnea. You perform an oral exam and find this: image of lump caudal to tongue.
You biopsy this lesion and see tall columnar, ciliated epithelium overlying a submucosa which contains large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells. What do you tell the owners
This is a nasopharyngeal polyp: the result of chronic inflammation. Surgery is advised.
True or false: Alveolar emphysema with rupture of alveolar septae is a reversible change.
FALSE
Following inflammation-induced alveolar rupture, what is the mechanism of healing of the lung tissue?
Fibrosis
This horse had trouble breathing at a pony club show. Why?
Image of a horse with a heave line
Bronchiolar plugging with mucoid exudate
Considering the heave line horse: he had noisy breathing. Which i the most correct term for/cause of the noise?
Rhonchi (wheezes)/plugging of airways with mucus due to chronic dust and irritation.
Which of the following is a chronic pulmonary change?
Bronchiectasis
What is a common sequelae to pulmonary hypertension?
Pulmonary fibrosis
Medial hypertrophy of pulmonary vessels
Cor pulmonale
Chronic passive congestion (nutmeg liver) is the result of?
Right sided heart failure
What is an aneurysm and what is its pathologic effect?
This is an outpocketing in a vessel and the area represents a weakness in the wall that can rupture
Which of the following conditions is most likely to develop if an animal has pulmonary hypertension?
Right heart failure b/c increased pressure in the pulmonary vasculature causes a pressure overload and overworks the right ventricle.
How does valvular endocarditis differ from valvular endocardiosis?
Endocarditis is characterized by enlargement of the valve leaflets due to accumulation of inflammatory debris in contrast to endocardiosis having enlargement of the valve leaflets due to myxomatous hyperplasia of the stroma
What is the most important physiologic consequence of having an incompetent left AV valve?
The left ventricle will become dilated in response to the volume overload.
Increased diastolic load (volume overload) in the ventricles of the heart most likely will lead to:
Eccentric hypertrophy
