Previous Exams

Question 1

Which of the following summarizes the immunologic defenses of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The main immunoglobulin in the upper respiratory passages is IgA and the main one in the lower areas is IgG

Question 2

A vet describes diseased lung in a sheep as consolidated. What does the term consolidated indicate about the lung

Answer 2

The consolidated lung has high protein fluid and fibrin in the alveoli

Question 3

If a vet is evaluating a gross lung specimen or a radiograph of a lung, what features will tell her that the lung has bronchopneumonia rather than interstitial pneumonia.

Answer 3

Bronchopneumonia has cranioventral distribution pattern

Question 4

Which of the following conditions would be expected to cause interstitial pneumonia?

Answer 4

Bacteria or endotoxin being delivered to the lung via the bloodstream

Question 5

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause pulmonary edema?

Answer 5

Increased hydrostatic pressure within alveolar capillaries and increased alveolar capillary endothelial cell permeability.

Question 6

Which is a potential cause of blood in the upper airways of horses?

Answer 6

Ethmoid hematoma
Exercise-induced pulmonary hermorrhage
Gutteral pouch mycosis with rupture of the internal carotid artery

Question 7

A farmer brings in a dead neonatal calf, which appears a bit small for a presumed full term calf. The birth was not witnessed. At necropsy, the lung is dense and sunken in appearance. The tissue does not float in formalin. Histologically the alveolar lumens are collapsed. Which is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Answer 7

Fetal atelectasis due to stillbirth

Question 8

What is the most likely route of infection in lungs with cranial lesions?

Answer 8

Airborne

Question 9

A client brings in her megaesophagus dog. The dog has been coughing, and now is febrile, lethargic, and dies in the exam room. You are thinking aspiration pneumonia. Where in the lungs are you most likely to find the lesion?

Answer 9

Right middle lobe

Question 10

What histologic lesions are most specifically characteristic of interstitial pneumonia?

Answer 10

Edema fluid, fibrin, and inflammatory cell within alveolar walls

Question 11

You are called to examine a group of growing pigs with sneezing and mucopurulent nasal discharge. You notice a few pigs have lateral deviation and distortion of the nose. What’s most likely going on.

Answer 11

The group has a mized bacterial infection (Pasturella multocida and Bordatella bronchiseptica), resulting in inflammation in and destruction of the nasal turbinates

Question 12

A car is brought into your clinic for a 2 week history of sneezing, gagging, and dyspnea. You perform an oral exam and find this: image of lump caudal to tongue.
You biopsy this lesion and see tall columnar, ciliated epithelium overlying a submucosa which contains large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells. What do you tell the owners

Answer 12

This is a nasopharyngeal polyp: the result of chronic inflammation. Surgery is advised.

Question 13

True or false: Alveolar emphysema with rupture of alveolar septae is a reversible change.

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

Following inflammation-induced alveolar rupture, what is the mechanism of healing of the lung tissue?

Answer 14

Fibrosis

Question 15

This horse had trouble breathing at a pony club show. Why?
Image of a horse with a heave line

Answer 15

Bronchiolar plugging with mucoid exudate

Question 16

Considering the heave line horse: he had noisy breathing. Which i the most correct term for/cause of the noise?

Answer 16

Rhonchi (wheezes)/plugging of airways with mucus due to chronic dust and irritation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a chronic pulmonary change?

Answer 17

Bronchiectasis

Question 18

What is a common sequelae to pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 18

Pulmonary fibrosis
Medial hypertrophy of pulmonary vessels
Cor pulmonale

Question 19

Chronic passive congestion (nutmeg liver) is the result of?

Answer 19

Right sided heart failure

Question 20

What is an aneurysm and what is its pathologic effect?

Answer 20

This is an outpocketing in a vessel and the area represents a weakness in the wall that can rupture

Question 21

Which of the following conditions is most likely to develop if an animal has pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 21

Right heart failure b/c increased pressure in the pulmonary vasculature causes a pressure overload and overworks the right ventricle.

Question 22

How does valvular endocarditis differ from valvular endocardiosis?

Answer 22

Endocarditis is characterized by enlargement of the valve leaflets due to accumulation of inflammatory debris in contrast to endocardiosis having enlargement of the valve leaflets due to myxomatous hyperplasia of the stroma

Question 23

What is the most important physiologic consequence of having an incompetent left AV valve?

Answer 23

The left ventricle will become dilated in response to the volume overload.

Question 24

Increased diastolic load (volume overload) in the ventricles of the heart most likely will lead to:

Answer 24

Eccentric hypertrophy

Question 25

Which neoplasm has a site predilection for the auricle/atrium?

Answer 25

Hemangiosarcoma

Question 26

Which of the following situations is not likely to lead to a procoagulant state in a patient?

Answer 26

Lack of Vit K dependent clotting factors in the blood

Question 27

During necropsy of a mastiff, you note pulmonic valve stenosis. What is the most likely accompanying myocardial lesion?

Answer 27

The right ventricle wall is thickened; the hypertrophy is a response to the increased workload created by the pressure resistance at the valve.

Question 28

What physiologic abnormalities are expected in a patient whose heart that has an atrial septal defect?

Answer 28

Oxygenated blood is shunted from left atrium to the right atrium and this causes a volume overload for the right heart.

Question 29

Which of the following describes idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of cats

Answer 29

Ventricular walls are thickened and the chamber volumes are reduced due to unknown causes

Question 30

What is the best summary of the mechanisms involved in the development of septic shock?

Answer 30

Mediators of inflammation cause vasodilation, increased vessel permeability, and a prothrombotic state

Question 31

Which of the following is considered a hear-base tumor?

Answer 31

Aortic body tumor
Carotid body tumor
Chemodectoma
(All of the above)

Question 32

Decreased systemic vascular resistance is characteristic of each of these forms of shock except

Answer 32

Hypovolemic shock

Question 33

Which of the following is true:

Answer 33

Dobermans and boxers are susceptible to heritable forms of cardiomyopathy