Preventive materials

Question 1

Advantage of fluorapatite

Answer 1

Fluorapatite = less soluble than hydroxyapatite, even under acidic conditions. Therefore, it is more resistant to demineralization when acid-challenged

Question 2

Why is effect of fluorapatite very small?

Answer 2

the area of hydroxyapatite converted to fluoraatite is very thin. Fluorapatite is more organized than hydroxyapatite and thus, due to thermodynamics, it is unfavourable for formation (everything tends towards disorder)

Question 3

Fluoride interferes with the caries process by reducing ____ and enhancing ____ of ___ and ___

Answer 3

Fluoride interferes with the caries process by reducing DEMINERALIZATION and enhancing REMINERALIZATION of ENAMEL and DENTIN

Question 4

What is the modern concept of fluoride effects?

Answer 4

That fluoride enhances remineralization and reduces demineralization, thus interfering with caries process. How?
Hydroxyaatite requires a pH of 5.5 to begin degradation, whereas fluorapatite requires 4.5. The tooth is in a constant cycle of de- and remineralization. The saliva increases pH and the tooth receives the calcium needed and pumps it inwards. Since sugar maintains a lower pH than 5.5, it prevents remineralization. Saliva requires 4 hours to increase pH and remineralize teeth. Therefore, with modern diets, it is good to have fluorapatite which does not degrade at as low a pH as hydroxyapatite.

Question 5

Fluoridated gels are available as ___ and ___

Answer 5

APF and NaF

Question 6

Which is the most used topical fluoride used by dental practitioners?

Answer 6

APF

Question 7

fluoridated gel must be applied to ___ teeth

Answer 7

air-dried

Question 8

application time of fluoridated gel

Answer 8

4 min

Question 9

should not eat, rinse or drink for at least ___ min proceeding fluoride application

Answer 9

30 min

Question 10

Optimal contact time of fluoride varnishes?

Answer 10

4 hours. Increased contact time increases fluoride uptake and retention into the enamel surface

Question 11

T/F: fluoride varnish is fast-releasing

Answer 11

false. Releases fluoride slowly

Question 12

What is SDF?

Answer 12

Silver diamine fluoride. Used to stop caries formation on patients with rampant caries.
-25% silver, 8% ammonia, 5% Fluoride and 62% water

Question 13

What is the only product that can arrest a carie?

Answer 13

SDF

Question 14

Define Xerostomia

Answer 14

no saliva or lack of saliva production. Presents extreme caries risk

Question 15

Indications of sdf

Answer 15

1. extreme caries risk (eg. xerostomia or severe early childhood caries)
2. treatment challenged by behavioural or medical management
3. patients with carious lesion that can’t be treated all in one visit
4. difficult to treat dental carious lesions
5. patients without access to dental care

Question 16

Biggest con of SDF

Answer 16

not aesthetically pleasing because the silver reacts with collagen, generating a dark-coloured tarnish

Question 17

toothpastes containing more than ______ of F are classed as prescription only medicines

Answer 17

1500 ppm

Question 18

What affects the abrasivity of an abrasive in dentifrices?

Answer 18

the nature and shape of the abrasive determines how abrasive they are

Question 19

What generates the foam in toothpaste?

Answer 19

surfactant

Question 20

Triclosan

Answer 20

anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial component of toothpaste.

Question 21

Role of arginine in toothpastes

Answer 21

Arginine can create an artificial smear layer, block tubules, and REDUCE SENSITIVITY

Question 22

What causes fluorosis

Answer 22

ingesting too much fluoride