Prevention, treatment and health promotion Flashcards
prevention
One of the fundamental aims of any health system worldwide is to prevent disease and reduce ill health. Disease prevention aims to minimise the burden of diseases and their associated risk factors.
Health promotion
Plays an important role in preventing disease and injury. Health promotion activities help communities and individuals to increase control over their health behaviours to prevent ill health rather than relying on treatment and cure.
Treatment
In health, treatment refers to interventions or treatments for a person (or a group of people) once they have a disease or are in ill health.
what are the 5 priority actions in the ottawa charter
Five priority actions:
1. Build healthy policy 2. Create supportive environments 3. Strengthen community actions 4. Develop personal skills 5. Reorient health services
what is the social-ecological model
a framework for prevention that looks at how health is affected by individual, relationship, community, physical, social and political environments
health promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.
what does health promotion aim to improve
Addressing underlying determinants
Promoting policies & programs
Altering attitudes and behaviours
Encouraging personal responsibility for health outcomes
what is primary prevention
Reduces the likelihood of developing a disease or disorder.
e.g. fluoridation of water supply
what is secondary prevention
Interrupts, prevents or minimizes the progress of a disease or disorder at an early stage.
e.g. regular dental check ups
what is tertiary prevention
Halts the progression of damage already done and aims to improve the quality of life of those with the disease or condition
e.g. Having fillings to repair dental caries and improve dentition.
what is health expenditure
Health expenditure is money spent on health goods and services.
It includes money spent by governments as well as by individuals and other non-government funders, such as private health insurers.
what are the main drivers of expenditure
population aging, increase the prevalence of chronic disease, new technologies, new pharmaceuticals, community expectation of health system
what is finding value for money
Decision-makers are interested in strategies that can reduce morbidity and mortality at a reasonable cost to the public.
cost-effectiveness analysis
what is individual health literacy
person’s ability to access, understand and apply health information; for example, to complete health care forms or navigate the health care system.
what is a health literacy environment
the infrastructure, people, policies, and relationships of the health care system. Aspects of the health literacy environment include patient referral pathways, coordination of care, and hospital design
