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Pediatric Dentistry 1 > prevention lecture > Flashcards

prevention lecture Flashcards

1
Q

When should children first be referred to the dentist?

A

1 yr, or within 6mo of their first tooth erupting. whichever comes first

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2
Q

High risk children should have a dental home established by _________

A

6mo

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3
Q

Caries in primary teeth (are / aren’t) predictive of caries in permanent teeth

A

are

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4
Q

What are the family/parent risk factors for children’s dental caries?

A

socioeconomic status
mom’s age
smoking status
parents education level (strongly predictive)

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5
Q

Routine recall frequency is ______ but can be ______ in high risk children

A

6mo

more frequent

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6
Q

What is “anticipatory guidance”

A

Alerting parents to impending changes in their child’s dental development at various stages of development

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7
Q

what fluoride product types have the lowest concentration of fluoride?

A

Rinses (220ppm)

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8
Q

What is the cost per capita of water fluoridation?

A

$0.12 to $5.41

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9
Q

When should children first be exposed to fluoride?

A

once they have their first tooth erupt

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10
Q

Brushing should begin when?

A

as soon as the first tooth erupts

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11
Q

When should flossing begin?

A

when there is proximal contact between teeth (usually around 2yrs)

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12
Q

Kids aged ______ should only use a “smear” of toothpaste on their toothbrush (to prevent ingestion)

A

under 2

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13
Q

Kids aged ______ should use a “pea sized” amount of toothpaste

A

2-5yrs

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14
Q

Plasma fluoride concentrations associated with water fluoridation are (consistent / inconsistent)

A

consistent (thus less fluorosis risk exists)

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15
Q

Plasma fluoride concentrations associated with dietary fluoride supplements are (consistent / inconsistent)

A

inconsistent (thus more fluorosis risk exists with these products)

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16
Q

Amount of fluoride found in NON-fluoridated water? Fluoridated?

A

non-fluoridated = 0.01-0.02ppm
fluoridated = 0.03-0.04ppm
(this small difference confers caries resistance)

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17
Q

recommended water fluoridation concentration?

A

0.7 - 1.2ppm

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18
Q

EPA only steps in if drinking water fluoride levels exceed what?

A

2ppm (EPA notifies community)

4ppm (EPA orders de-fluoridation)

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19
Q

Which state has the worst water fluoridation?

A

Hawaii

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20
Q

What % of the US population recieves fluoridated drinking water?

A

73.9%

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21
Q

No more than ______ of dietary fluoride should be prescribed to someone

A

120mg

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22
Q

How much supplemental dietary fluoride should be prescribed to a 0-6 month old?

A

none (no matter the fluoride concentration in drinking water)

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23
Q

How much supplemental dietary fluoride should be prescribed to a 6mo - 3yr old?

A

if drinking water has…

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24
Q

How much supplemental dietary fluoride should be prescribed to a 3-6yr old?

A

if drinking water has…

25
Q

How much supplemental dietary fluoride should be prescribed to a 6-16yr old?

A

if drinking water has

26
Q

What consumer beverage tends to have the highest fluoride levels?

A

grape juice (2-4ppm)

27
Q

The (systemic / topical) effects of fluoride are most important after the tooth has calcified

A

topical

28
Q

How is fluoride concentration distributed in the tooth?

A

first 10-20 microns of enamel are highly fluoridated

29
Q

What are the degrees of fluorosis?

A 
mild = white lacy appearance
moderated = some brown staining
severe = enamel hypomineralization
30
Q

Mild fluorosis is caused by ingesting how much fluoride?

A

2mg/day

31
Q

Why does fluorosis cause hypomineralization?

A

Too much fluoride is toxic to ameloblasts

32
Q

Are teeth with fluorosis more resistant to caries?

A

No (but I thought Dr Carey said the opposite… oh well)

33
Q

When is a person most susceptible to fluorosis?

A

before age 6, and SPECIFICALLY 18mo-36mo (during calcification of MX incisors)

34
Q

Symptoms of chronic fluoride toxicity?

A

Fluorosis (1st symptom)
Joint and skeletal pain
Malaise
Loss of conciousness

35
Q

The Institute of medicine determined that the daily adequate fluoride intake level is _______

A

0.05mg/kg

36
Q

Safe daily consumption of fluoride for adult females? males?

A

adults females = 3mg

adult males = 4mg

37
Q

Safe daily consumption of fluoride for children?

A 
4-8yrs = 1mg
9-13yrs = 2mg
14-18yrs = 3mg
38
Q

How much fluoride is contained in a single tube of toothpaste?

A

130mg

39
Q

After age ______ fluorosis isnt a concern because permanent teeth (except for 3rds) have finished calcifying

A

8yrs

40
Q

Acute fluoride toxicity symptoms?

A

GI upset
convulsions
coma
death in 2-4hrs

41
Q

What are the mechanisms for acute fluoride toxicity?

A

corrodes stomach lining
binds up calcium, causing muscle spasms
inhibits enzymes

42
Q

What is the “certain” lethal dose of fluoride?

A

32-64mg/kg (15mg/kg is the “probable” lethal dose)

43
Q

what is the toxic dose of fluoride?

A

5-8mg/kg

44
Q

What should be done is someone is exposed to a large dose of fluoride?

A
  • ingest soluble calcium! (milk, antacids)

- go to ER

45
Q

Fluoride mouth rinses are indicated when?

A
  • orthodontics
  • radiation therapy
  • high caries risk
  • prosthetics
46
Q

Should you give fluoride mouth rinses to children?

A

no, not for infants or young children (they’ll swallow it)

47
Q

Does the pellicle need to be removed before varnish application?

A

no (pellicle doesn’t inhibit fluoride uptake)

48
Q

Fluoride foam and gel require a minimum of _____ minutes in contact with teeth to be effective

A

4 minutes

49
Q

Has flouride varnish been associated with fluorosis?

A

nope

50
Q

Fluoride varish (is / isn’t) approved for use as a cariostatic agent

A

isn’t (this is a common off-label use)

51
Q

After varnish is applied, what instructions should be given to the patient?

A
  • dont brush/floss until next morning (or 4-6hrs if absolutely necessary)
  • soft food only
  • no hot drinks
52
Q

Does the bacterial flora of the mouth adapt to metabolize xylitol?

A

no (theres no published evidence of this)

53
Q

How much xylitol is needed to be effective?

A

> 5mg per day

54
Q

Should chlorhexidine rinses be used for caries prevention?

A

no, not until further evidence supports it. Other methods are better at this time.

55
Q

What age should children get sealants?

A

age is not a consideration

56
Q

What FDA approved topical agent is used to arrest decay, but causes black staining?

A

silver diamine fluoride

57
Q

anticariogenic foods tend to be high in what?

A

protein, fat, and minerals

58
Q

If someone sees dental care as “not important” how should you use motivational interviewing to change their mind?

A
  • dont give advice
  • ask about their values and goals
  • ask what they want their life to be like
59
Q

if someone has “low confidence” about oral health how should you use motivational interviewing to change their mind?

A
  • provide info and advice
  • ask what will help change
  • ask about past successes, challeneges, strategies
  • ask about strengths, abilities

Pediatric Dentistry 1 (1 decks)

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