Prevention, Intervention And Evaluation Flashcards
What is prevention equation 1?
Incidence of disorders =
(Physical vulnerability + stress)
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(Coping skills + social support + self esteem)
What is prevention equation 2?
Incidence of disorders =
(Environmental risk factors + stressors)
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(Positive socialisation practices + social support resources + opportunities for connectedness)
How do prevention equations work?
Top line/numerators are risk factors
Bottom line/denominators are protective factors
Privilege aids in minimising risk factors providing protective factors
What is the ecological approach to prevention?
Approaches across:
Multiple social levels - intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy factors
Multiple stages of community readiness - the ability to react to changes in the environment in productive ways
Synergise application of these
What is community adaptability?
Community readiness and capacity to mobilise, structure, initiate, refine and sustain an organised response
What is the Dohrenwend model?
Life stressors generate psychopathology
Conceptual not causative
Stress changes a person’s state and require then to adapt
Response is temporary sign of being challenged, support may not be present to deal with stress
What is resilience?
Ability to overcome adverse conditions and experience health development
What are the main features of a mutual/self help group?
A focal concern Peer relationships Reciprocity of helping Experiential knowledge A community narrative (An alternative setting to inadequate formal help)
What are the steps to creating prevention programs?
Needs assessment - wholistist, multiple perspectives and resources
Program planning - theory driven, evidence based, appropriate, strive for positive relationship and 2nd order change
Program implementation
What is required for program implementation?
Community must be ready Development of community coalitions Be contextually appropriate Maintain program fidelity Ensure appropriate resourcing
What are the models of program implementation?
Experimental development
Technological application
Diffusion of innovation
Widespread implementation
What is program evaluation?
A practical endeavour
A systematic investigation to determine the success of a specific program
Why? Required, to gain funding, evaluation of a new intervention, for accountability
What are the challenges of evaluation?
Expensive Resource intensive Sample Difficult to compare communities Specific nature of programs Short term research for complex chronic problems
What are the types of evaluation?
Program evaluation - what is it doing, is it going as planned
Outcome or summarise evaluation - quasi-experimental designs test if the program has met the objectives
What is the four step model of evaluation?
Identify goals and desired outcomes
Process evaluation
Outcome evaluation
Impact evaluation - have we made a difference? Assess long term impact using archival data
