Prevention and Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health promotion?
Any planned activity to enhance health or prevent disease.
What is health affected by?
What factors which affect health are influenced by health promotion?
Genetics
Access
Environment
Lifestyle
The last 3 are affected by health promotion
How does health promotion “promote health”?
It promotes health through a combination of legislation, the provision of preventative services such as immunisation and the development of activities to promote and maintain change to a healthier lifestyle.
They vary with the population and the environment and with sex and socioeconomic class. Health promotion can involve a range of agencies.
Heath promotion in UK looks at “settings” e.g. workplace, school and hospital along with community development
What are the 3 theories of health promotion?
(1) Educational
- Provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices re health – may be. one –to- one group workshop
e. g. smoking, diet, diabetes
(2) Socioeconomic (Radical)
-‘Makes healthy choice the easy choice’
National policies e.g. re unemployment, redistribute income.
(3) Psychological
- Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change. Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change. (e.g. smoking, alcohol).
What is the definition of health promotion?
An overarching principle/ activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection.
It may be planned or opportunistic
What is the definition of health education?
An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conductive to improvements in health
What is the definition of health protection?
Involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual.
health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.
What do we mean by empowerment?
Empowerment refers to the generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of theur choices.
What benefits does empowerment result in?
An ability to resist social pressure
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
A heightened consciousness of action
Catford (1993) has suggested that there should be a common set of criteria to assess the perfromance and quality of health promotion activities that he has called “vital signs of quality”
What do these include?
Does the activity understand and respond to peoples needs fairly?
Is it built upon an identifiable approach to health promotion?
Does it demonstrate a sense of direction and coherence?
Are connections made between settings, individual and community approaches?
Explain the cycle of change
Precontemplation
-e.g. smokes
Contemplation
-e.g. considers quitting
(Ready for action)
-e.g. makes definate plans
Action
-e.g. actively not smoking
From action someone can go two paths:
- Regression -> start smoking again
- Maintenace -> non-smoker
Give some examples of health promotion in primary care
Planned:
- Posters
- Chronic disease clinics
- Vaccinations
Opportunistic:
- Advice within surgery
- Smoking
- Diet
- Taking BP
Give some examples of health promotion by the government.
Legislation:
- Legal age limits
- Smoking Ban
- Health and safety
- Clean air act
- Highway code
Economic
-Tax on cigarettes and alcohol
Education
-HEBS
What do we mean by primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability and/or severity of illness or injury
e.g. Smoking Cessation or Immunisation
Define secondary prevention
“Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology”
Earliest opportunity is when a disease becomes evident or detectable. Ends when disease becomes symptomatic.
