Prevention and control of virus diseases II Flashcards
What’s one reason why emerging virus come onto the scene?
ecology - we share diseases across the biosphere
What pox family do monkeypox, vaccinia, and variola belong to?
orthopoxviruses
How have we been able to date the emergence of smallpox?
molecular clock and DNA from mummies and skeletons give us estimates
Why was smallpox not found in the americas?
cold and distance filters eliminates disease from migrating hunter populations - smallpox needs a large population to be sustained, hunter pops wont do
How did smallpox mess up Peru?
- small pox arrived from travellors
- small pox kills the inca emperor and his heir
- civil war
- Pizzaro exploits the civil war to conquer Inca territory
What plagues led to the destruction of central and south american civilizations?
- smallpox
- measles
- typhus
- influenza
- yellow fever
How did the great dying from epidemics cause a little ice age?
- epidemics killed so many people that forests grew back on abandoned fields
- CO2 was absorbed by the new forests
- world cools
How did smallpox in north america lead to european colonization?
- encounters with explorers and trappers created an expanding wave of smallpox
- European settles found a seemingly empty land
How did slavery spread smallpox and yellow fever?
- smallpox decimated the ensalved native populations
- more slaves were then transported from africa
- transport ships transported yellow fever
- yellow fever became endemic
How did yellow fever aid Haiti’s slave revellion
- rebellion in Haiti
- french troops are sent to restore order
- yellow fever kills most troops, the general, and most reinforcements
- french capitulate
- Napoleon abandons his western empire and sells Louisina to the USA
Why was the panama canal a bitch to make?
- yellow fever, malaria, and engineering problems
- hypothesis that YF is mosquito vectored
- mosquito control is introduced
- the canal is completed
How was myxoma virus used to control rabbit populations in Australia?
- myxoma virus is lethal in european rabbits but not hares
- introduced in austrailia for rabbit control
- killed most of the rabbits, but then the virus became attenuated and the rabbits became resistant
Describe the Krever commison report
- in the early 80s canadians receiving blood tranfusions were getting HIV
- mid-80s Ab test for HIV became available
- issue gone
- late 80s early 90s Canadians receiving blood transfusions were getting HCV
- red cross refused to test canadians because they thought HCV wasn’t as big a problem like in the US, they were very wrong
- 1990 HCV Ab testing was applied canada
- Justice Krever concluded that this could have been avoided if there was more funding, preventative measure implemented, and expert opinions were listed to and better management of the red croos blood service
What is a dangerous virus?
- HCV and HIV
- infection is intially not obvious
- spread by various means
- host is infectious for long time
Why isn’t ebola a dangerous virus?
- disease is obvious
- no human reservoir
- precautions will provide protection and prevent spread
