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Dental Assisting Term 1 > Preventative Procedures 1 > Flashcards

Preventative Procedures 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Dental Assistants role

A

As a dental assistant you have the most coprehensive and varied background.
1. Chair Side Assisting
2. Circulating Assistant
3. Administrative and Reception
4. Office Management
5. Pediatric care
6. Specialty offices , oral surgery, orthodontics
The duties assigned to the dental assistant are
determined by the regulations of the governing body for each province
The dental assistant is trained to perform many
activities that are not required of the dentist

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2
Q

Roles and Responsibilities of the
Dental Assistant

A
  • Prepare patient for clinical care
  • Collect and record medical and dental history
  • Assist the dentist in managing emergencies
  • Provide patient information on oral health care *
  • Assist dentist in a variety of procedures
  • Perform expanded functions as allowed by law *
  • Provide postoperative instructions *
  • Manage infection control *

* means in this class or not in all provinces/ only alberta

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3
Q

Roles and Responsibilities of the
Dental Assistant

A
  • Perform radiographic procedures
  • Perform laboratory procedures
  • Provide assurance and support for patients *
  • Greet patients *
  • Answer the phone *
  • Schedule and confirm appointments *
  • Manage patient records, payroll, billing *
  • Ensure patient privacy*
  • Oversee patient relations *

soe roles during Dent 202/262 classes

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4
Q

Preventative Dentistry

explain

A

The Practice of caring for your teeth to keep them
healthy with the use of fluorides, application of dental sealants, proper nutrition, and plaque control

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5
Q

Oral prophylaxis

(proe-fi-LAK-sis)

A

Complete removal of
calculus, debris, stain, and plaque from the teeth

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6
Q

Why so prevention important?

A
  1. Helping patients understand what causes dental disease and how to prevent it.
  2. Motivating patients to change their behaviors and educating them on recognizing and preventing dental disease in themselves and their families.
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7
Q

Dental Prophylaxis

A

Prophylaxis is indicated for patients with healthy gingiva as a preventive measure and is most often performed during recall appointments (dental checkups)

A dental prophylaxis is also the primary treatment for
gingivitis (gum d

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8
Q

Oral Prophylaxis Procedures

Scaling (Non-Surgical)

A

Is the removal of calculus deposits from the teeth with the use of suitable instruments, this can only be performed by a dental hygienist, dentist, or a dental assistant who has taken additional education PDM

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9
Q

Oral Prophylaxis Procedures

Root Planing (Non-Surgical)

A

follows scaling procedures to remove any remaining particles of calculus and necrotic cementum embedded in the root surface. After root planing, the surfaces are smoother and are free from endotoxins. Smooth root surfaces are easier for the patient to keep clean

Root Planing can only be completed by a dental
hygienist or dentist.

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10
Q

Oral Prophylaxis Procedures

Gingival Curettage (Surgical)

A

In addition to scaling and root planing, which involve
treating the surfaces of the tooth, some patients require
gingival curettage.
Gingival curettage involves scraping or cleaning the
gingival lining of the pocket with a sharp curette to
remove necrotic ( diseased) tissue from the pocket wall.
Gingival curettage is also referred to as subgingival
curettage

Gingival Curettage can only be done by a dental
hygienist or dentist

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11
Q

Oral Prophylaxis Procedures

Coronal polishing

A

A procedure that removes plaque and stains from the coronal surfaces of the teeth.
Coronal polishing is strictly limited to the clinical
crowns of the teeth.

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12
Q

Oral Prophylaxis Procedures

Fluoride

(FLOOR-ide)

A
  1. Naturally occurring minerals help prevent cavities
  2. In1908, Frederick McKay discovered that fluoride is connected with the prevention of dental caries
  3. Fluoride can be prescribed and then delegated to registered dental assistants/expanded-function
    dental assistants (RDAs) who can apply the fluoride
    to tooth surfaces
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13
Q

Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry Program

Nutirtion

A

Dietary counseling extends beyond the narrow scpoe of limiting sugar consumption and may include a disscutionof nutrition from the standpoint of oral health and general health

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14
Q

Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry Program

Patient Education

A

Education motivates patients, provides them with information, and assists them in developing the skills necessary to practice dental oral hygiene.

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15
Q

Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry Program

Plaque Control

A

Daily removeal of bacterial plaque from the teeth and adjacent oral tissues

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16
Q

Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry Program

Flouride Therapy

A

Includes professionally applied flourides, at-home flouride therapy, and the consumption of flourinated community water

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17
Q

Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry Program

Sealants

A

Sealents are most frequently applied to the difficult-to-clean occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Decay-causing bacteria are then prevented from reaching into the occlusal pits and fissures.

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18
Q

Dental Deposits

A

Dental deposits include calculus (hard deposits),
Plaque (soft deposits), and stain on
supragingival (above the gum line) and
unattached subgingival(below the gum line) tooth
surfaces.

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19
Q

What are soft Deposits?

A

Oral Biofilm
Oral biofilm (also known as plaque, dental plaque biofilm, microbial biofilm) is a colorless, soft, sticky coating made up of communities of microorganisms that adheres to tooth surfaces, dental appliances, restorations of the teeth, the oral mucosa, the tongue, and alveolar bone

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20
Q

Dental caries, gingival, periodontal infections

A

Are caused by microorganisms from a person’s dental plaque
Dental biofilm is a primary risk factor for gingivitis, inflammatory periodontal diseases, and dental caries

21
Q

Tooth Deposits

A

The soft deposits are referred to as acquired pellicle, dental biofilm, materia alba, and food debris.

22
Q

Tooth Deposits

Acquired pellicle

A

Thin film of protein that quickly forms on teeth. It can be removed by coronal polishing with an abrasive agent such as “prophy” paste.

It is fully fored within 30-90 mins, after cleaning.

23
Q

Tooth Deposits

Materia alba

A

Soft mixture of bacteria and salivary proteins, also known as “white material.” It is visible without the use of a disclosing agent and is common in individuals with poor oral hygiene.

24
Q

Tooth Deposits

Food debris

A

Particles of food that are impacted between the teeth after eating. Food debris does not simply become biofilm. If fermentable carbohydrates are present, however, food debris may contribute to dental caries.

25
Q

Significance of Pellicle

A

The pellicle plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health as it protects, lubricates, and acts as a nidus of attachment for the bacteria and subsequent calculus on the tooth surfaces.
The various roles the pellicle plays include:
Protective
Pellicle appears to provide a barrier against acids, impacting remineralization and demineralization.
Lubrication
Pellicle keeps surfaces moist and prevents drying, which in turn enhances the efficiency of speech and mastication.
Nidus (place) for bacteria
Pellicle participates in biofilm formation by aiding the adherence of microorganisms.
Attachment of calculus
One mode of calculus attachment is to the pellicle.

It protects and lubricate the teeth but it does meke the bacteria stick.

26
Q

Removal of Pellicle

A

Pellicle is not resilient (strong) enough to withstand
rigorous patient oral self-care.
Extrinsic factors that may interfere with pellicle formation and maturation include:
1. Abrasive toothpastes.
2. Whitening products.
3. Intake of acidic foods and beverages

27
Q

Materia alba (white material)

A

Materia alba is a soft, whitish tooth deposit that is clinically visible without the application of a disclosing agent.

28
Q

Composition of Materia alba

A

Materia alba is an unorganized accumulation of:
1. Living and dead bacteria
2. Desquamated (peels of) epithelial cells
3. Disintegrating leukocytes
4. Salivary proteins
5. Food debris.
This differentiates it from organized oral biofilms

29
Q

Removal of Materia alba

A

Materia alba can easily removed by the patient or in the following ways:
1. Water spray
2. Oral irrigator
3. Tongue action

30
Q

Food Debris

A

After food consumption, food remnants may collect about the cervical third and proximal embrasures of the teeth
Left unattended, the accumulation of food debris adds to a general unsanitary condition of the mouth and may contribute to the initiation of dental caries and bad breath

31
Q

The acquired pellicle forms:
1. within minutes
2. within 1 hour
3. within 8 hours
4. within 24 hours

A

1. within minutes

32
Q

Which one of the following is a loosely adherent
mass of bacteria and cellular debris, is white or
grayish-white in appearance, and can be
removed with rinsing or water irrigation?
1. Dental plaque biofilm
2. Materia alba
3. Calculus
4. Acquired pellicle

A

2. Materia alba

33
Q

Dental Biofilm

A

Dental biofilm is a dynamic, structured community
of microorganisms, encapsulated in a self-
produced extracellular polymeric (repeating)
substance (EPS) forming a matrix around
microcolonies.The mouth has a number of environments, including the teeth, gingival sulcus, attached gingiva, tongue, oral mucosa, lips, and hard and soft palates with their own microbial inhabitants.

34
Q

The 5 Stages in the Formation of Biofilm

A

Stage 1 Formation
Stage 2 Bacterial Multiplication and Colonization
Stage 3 Matrix Formation
Stage 4 Biofilm Growth
Stage 5 Maturation

35
Q

Composition of Dental Biofilm

A

Microorganisms and EPS comprise 20% of the
biofilm that are organic and inorganic solids.
The other 80% is water.

36
Q

Detecting Dental Plaque Biofilm

A
  1. Direct Vision
  2. Use of an explorer or probe
  3. Use of a disclosing agent
  4. Clinical Record
37
Q

Calculus ( Hard deposit)

A

Dental calculus is dental biofilm mineralized.
The calculus is covered with a layer of nonmineralized dental biofilm containing live bacteria.
The hard, tenacious mass forms on the clinical crowns of natural teeth, dental implants, dentures, and other dental prostheses.
It cannot be removed by the patient and must be removed by the dentist or the dental hygienist with the use of scaling instruments.
Regular, effective plaque/biofilm control measures can minimize or eliminate the buildup of calculus

38
Q

Supragingival Calculus

A

Located on clinical crowns coronal to the margin of the gingiva. On implants, complete and partial dentures.
On the crowns of teeth out of occlusion; nonfunctioning teeth; or teeth that are neglected during daily biofilm removal (toothbrushing, flossing, or other personal care).
On surfaces of dentures, dental prostheses, and oral piercings.

39
Q

Subgingival Calculus

A

Found on the clinical crown apical to the margin of the gingiva and extends toward the clinical attachment on the root surface. May be generalized or localized on single teeth or a group of teeth. Heaviest deposits are related to areas most difficult for the patient to access during personal oral biofilm removal procedures.

40
Q

SIGNIFICANCE OF DENTAL CALCULUS

A

The surface of calculus is porous and rough
and provides an excellent surface on which
additional plaque can grow. Calculus can
penetrate into the cementum on root surfaces.
Contributing to periodontal disease.

41
Q

SIGNIFICANCE OF DENTAL STAINS

A

A tooth stain is a discolored deposit or area on a tooth that is in contrast with the rest of the tooth color. Stains are classified as exogenous or endogenous, depending on their source, and as intrinsic or extrinsic, based on their location. Identification of the stain origins and locations are needed to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

42
Q

Exogenous

A

Exogenous stains originate from sources outside of the tooth such as food, beverages, tobacco products, or chromogenic bacteria (color-producing bacteria).

43
Q

Endogenous

A

Endogenous stains are stains that were acquired during the development of a tooth

44
Q

Extrinsic (on the outside of the tooth)

A

Extrinsic stains occur on the external surface
of the tooth and may be removed by
procedures of toothbrushing, scaling, and/or
polishing. Extrinsic stains develop because of the presence of chromogenic bacteria and substances such as tobacco, red wine, tea, coffee, soda, blueberries, certain drugs, and exposure to metallic compounds. Over time, extrinsic stains may become intrinsic

45
Q

Intrinsic

A

Intrinsic stains are incorporated within the tooth structure and cannot be removed by scaling or polishing; alternative methods can be used to improve the appearance

46
Q

What is Pariodontal Disease

A

It is an infectious Disease that causes a breakdown of the periodontium resulting in loss of tissue attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone

47
Q

Causes of Periodontal Disease

A
  1. Bacterial plaque (dental plaque, oral biofilm)
  2. Calculus (tartar)
    ◦ Provides a surface to which biofilm can attach
    ◦ Two types:
     Supragingival calculus found above the margin of the gingiva
     Subgingival calculus on root surfaces below the gingival margin that can extend into periodontal pockets
48
Q
A

Dental Assisting Term 1 (6 decks)

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