Preventative Care; Vaccines

Question 1

Core vaccines in Dogs

Answer 1

1. canine distemper (CDV)
2. canine hepatitis (CAV-1; adenovirus CAV-2)
3. canine parvovirus (CPV)
4. canine para influenza (CPiV)
5. canine rabies
6. Leptospira*
7. canine influenza (CIV)*

Question 2

Core vaccines in cats

Answer 2

1. panleukopenia virus (FCV)
2. herpesvirus 1 (FHV1)
3. calicivirus (FCV)
4. leukemia virus (FeLV)
5. rabies
6. infectious peritonitis*

Question 3

non-core vaccines in dogs

Answer 3

1. Bordtella
2. borrelia burgdorferi
3. parainfluenza virus*
4. leptospira ssp
5. canine influenza virus (CIV)

Question 4

non-core vaccines in cats

Answer 4

1. Chlamydophila felis
2. bordetella bronchiseptica
3. leukemia virus (FeLV)
4. infectious peritonitis (FIP)*

Question 5

What are inactivated vaccines

Answer 5

killed vaccines

• highly stable preparations of whole-cell virus or bacteria incapable of replicating following administration

– 2 initial doses (2-4 weeks apart)

– less immunogenic and tend not to have an extended duration of immunity compared of attenuated vaccines utilizing the same organism

• adjuvants
• all canine rabies vaccines; all whole-celled bacterins, lyme and bordetella

Question 6

MDA

Answer 6

the age at which puppies/kittens can effectively be immunized is proportional to the quantity of antibodies (ABs) the young received from the mother

Question 7

Attenuated vaccines

Question 8

Recombinant vaccines

Question 9

Toxoid vaccines

Question 10

Vaccine adverse events

Question 11

What are the purpose of vaccines

Answer 11

trigger immune responses

• lesson the severity and can prevent infection
• USDA licenses

Question 12

What is a core vaccine?

Answer 12

vital to all pets based on risk of exposure

severity of disease or transmissibility to humans

Question 13

what is a non-core vaccine?

Answer 13

depending on pets exposure risk

Question 14

What is an adjuvant

Answer 14

a variety of substances that maintain or depot the antigen as well as stimulate an inflammatory response (nonspecific stimulation of the immune system)

Question 15

Antigen needs a what and why?

Answer 15

antigen and adjuvant are designed to stimulate a protective immune response

Question 16

inactivated vaccines storage and vaccine type

Answer 16

• prepared and sold as a liquid
• multiple-dose vitals: ‘tank vitals”
• shaken frequently/ multiple needles (doses)
• considered the safest vaccine type; the immunizing agent is dead (it cannot revert to virulence/cause the disease)

Question 17

inactivated vaccine administration

Answer 17

-systemic humoral immunity

-parenteral administration (SQ or IM)

• not be administered directly into mucosal surfaces (IN)

Question 18

What is the dose range for inactivated vaccines

Answer 18

2 initial doses: 2-4 weeks, apart in the absence of MDA

-essential to produce an effective immune response, if more than 6 weeks elapse between these it is recommended that the series be repeated

1st dose: primes the immune system
2nd dose; 2-6 weeks later; protective immune response
full protection may not develop until 2-3 weeks after the last dose

Question 19

High levels of maternal ABs will block the effectiveness of a vaccine

Answer 19

the ABs from the mother generally circulate in the newborns blood for several weeks

Question 20

Window of susceptibility

Answer 20

time in which the maternal ABS are too low to provide protection against the disease, but too high to allow a vaccine to work

– this is the time when despite being vaccinated, a puppy or kitten can still contract disease

– this is why you have to vaccinate every 3(2)-4 weeks starting at 8 weeks all the way through 16 weeks

Question 21

Why do we have to boost with inactivated vaccines?