PRETEST Flashcards
Which disease might be indicated by antibodies to smooth muscle (ASMA)?
a. atrophic gastritis
b. chronic active hepatitis
c. myasthenia gravis
d. sjogren’s syndrome
b. chronic active hepatitis
An RPR card test performed on CSF was nonreactive. The physician was skeptical and asked for a repeat test. The RPR result was reactive 1:1 dilution. The result:
a. Should be reported as nonreactive
b. should be reported as reactive dilution 1:1 dilution
c. is nonconclusive, and should be repeated in a new CSF sample
d. is unreportable, the RPR test should not be performed on CSF
d. is unreportable, the RPR test should not be performed on CSF
What is the titer in tube No. 8 if tube No. 1 is undiluted and dilutions are doubled?
a. 64
b. 128
c. 256
d. 512
b. 128
The H antigen is found in lowest concentration on what phenotype of red blood cell?
a. group B
b. group A1B
c. group A2B
d. group O
b. group A1B
Which of the following could be the possible cause of the given ABO discrepancy?
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 0
A1 cells: 0
B cells: 0
O cells: 0
Autocontrol: 0
a. acquired B phenomenon
b. subgroup of A or B
c. immunodeficient patient
d. polyagglutination
c. immunodeficient patient
Which of the following is most helpful to confirm a weak ABO subgroup?
a. adsorption-elution
b. testing with A1 lectin
c. neutralization
d. use of Anti-A1B
a. adsorption-elution
Which of the following could be the possible cause of the given ABO discrepancy?
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 0
A1 cells: 0
B cells: 4+
O cells: 3+
Autocontrol: 0
a. acquired B phenomenon
b. A1 subgroup
c. A2 subgroup
d. polyagglutination
b. A1 subgroup
Which of the following could be the possible cause of the given ABO discrepancy?
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 0
A1 cells: 1+
B cells: 4+
O cells: 0
Autocontrol: 0
a. acquired B phenomenon
b. A1 subgroup
c. A2 subgroup
d. polyagglutination
c. A2 subgroup
The results of D typing on a patient using a high protein anti-D reagents are:
RT 37℃ AHG CC
(patient cells 0 2+ not prfrmed
+ anti-D)
(patient cells 0 2+ not prfrmed
+ Rh control)
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?
a. Rh negative, weak D positive
b. Rh positive, weak D postive
c. Rh negative, weak D negative
d. Invalid Rh typing
d. Invalid Rh typing
Glycophorin A and glycophorin B possess antigen sites for which blood group system?
a. duffy
b. kidd
c. lewis
d. MNS
d. MNS
All of the following exhibit dosage effect, EXCEPT:
a. duffy
b. kidd
c. lewis
d. MNS
c. lewis
An antiglobulin crossmatch is performed with a donor red blood cell unit. The antiglobulin crossmatch result is a 2+ agglutination reaction. What is the most likely explanation for this result?
a. recipient’s rbc are demonstrating polyagglutination
b. recipient’s rcbs have a low-frequency antigen
c. recipient possesses an IgG alloantibody
d. recipient possesses a cold autoantibody
c. recipient possesses an IgG alloantibody
A blood supplier ships 3 units of pooled cryoprecipitate. Each pool consists of 5 units of cryoprecipitate. If one unit is thawed at 5 pm, when must it be dispensed from the blood bank?
a. before 9 pm
b. before 11 pm
c. before 12 am
d. before 5 pm on the next day
a. before 9 pm
Which of the following is NOT a step in platelet production?
a. soft spin to sediment red blood cells
b. hard spin to separate platelets from platelet-rich plasma
c. resting phase at 1 to 6 degrees celsius
d. resting phase at 20-24 degrees celsius
c. resting phase at 1 to 6 degrees celsius
Intraoperative autologous blood stored at 1 to 6 degrees celsius should be administered within:
a. 4 hours
b. 6 hours
c. 12 hours
d. 24 hours
d. 24 hours
Antibody screen and antibody identification cells are group
a. A1 and B
b. A and O
c. O only
d. AB only
c. O only
Group O, Rh- positive cells are used for antibody screening tests because:
a. anti-A and anti-B do not react with O cells
b. anti-A1 is detected using O cells
c. most recipients are O and Rh positive
d. weak A or B subgroups react with O cells
a. anti-A and anti-B do not react with O cells
A DAT result is as follows:
Polyspecific AHG= 1+
Anti-IgG = negative (Check cells = 3+)
The most etiology of this positive DAT is:
a. anti-IgG
b. anti C3
c. anti-I
d. anti-A1 in an A1 individual
b. anti C3
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be cultured immediately, but if delayed the specimen should be:
a. frozen at -20 degrees celsiuss
b. incubated at 37 degrees celsius and cultured as soon as possibe
c. refrigerated at 4-6 degrees celsius
d. stored at room temp for no longer than 24hrs
b. incubated at 37 degrees celsius and cultured as soon as possibe
Furazolidone (furoxone) susceptibility is a test used to differentiate:
a. Staphylococcus spp. from Micrococcus spp.
b. Staphylococcus spp. from Pseudomonas spp.
c. Streptococcus spp. from Micrococcus spp.
d. Streptococcus spp. from Staphylococcus spp.
a. Staphylococcus spp. from Micrococcus spp.
Which of the following sugars is fermented by a. Staphylococcus spp.?
a. glucose
b. lactose
c. maltose
d. sucrose
a. glucose
Which of the following sugars is fermented by N. gonorrheae?
a. glucose
b. lactose
c. maltose
d. sucrose
a. glucose
Which of the following characteristics can differentiate Y. enterocolitica from Y. pestis?
a. motility at 25 degrees celsius
b. motility at 37 degrees celsius
c. fermentation of glucose
d. hydrogen sulfide production
a. motility at 25 degrees celsius
Which of the following Pseudomonas species is able to grow at 42 degrees celsius?
a. P. aeruginosa
b. P. fluorescens
c. P. putida
d. P. veronii
a. P. aeruginosa
Gram-negative straight rods associated with gastroenteritiis:
TSI: A/A or K/AG
Oxidase: positive
a. E. coli
b. Y. enterocolitica
c. Citrobacter spp.
d. Aeromonas
d. Aeromonas
A 50 yr old nonimmunized male with a persistent cough, fever, and flulike symptoms was admitted to the hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured on15% blood, chocolate, Bordet-Gengou, and Regan-Lowe agars. All media grew gram-negative coccobacillus. Carbohydrate and biochemical tests were negative. What is the most likely identification?
a. Bordetella brochiseptica
b. Bordetella pertussis
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
b. Bordetella pertussis
Which of the following is a gram-positive bacilli most frequently associated as an occupational disease of butchers?
a. Bacillus cereus
b. Bacillus subtilis
c. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
d. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Which of the following rapid assay for Legionella spp.?
a. antibody detection
b. culture on special media
c. direct examination on gram stain
d. urine antigen detection
d. urine antigen detection
Long, thin gram-negative rods that are tapered (pointed) at the ends.
a. Bacteroides
b. Fusobacterium
c. Porphyromonas
d. Prevotella
b. Fusobacterium
What is the purpose of potassium permanganate when staining acid fast bacilli with Truant auramine-rhodamine stain?
a. decolorizing agent
b. dye
c. mordant
d. quenching agent
d. quenching agent
Which of the following Mycobacterium produces an orange pigment and is most commonly recovered from water?
a. M. intracellulare
b. M. gordonae
c. M. asiaticum
d. M. kansasii
b. M. gordonae
Which of the following genera requires long chain fatty acids?
a. Klebsiella
b. Neisseria
c. Pseudomonas
d. Treponema
d. Treponema
Which of the following causes walking pneumonia?
a. Klebsiella pneumoniae
b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d. Streptococcus pneumoniae
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Antibiotic inappropriate for K. pneumoniae tested positive for the MODIFIED HODGE TEST?
a. Tobramycin
b. gentamicin
c. Imipenem
d. tetracycline
c. Imipenem
The yeast form of which dimorphic fungus appears as oval or elongated cigar shapes?
a. Coccidioides immitis
b. Sporothrix schenckii
c. Histoplasma capsulatum
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
b. Sporothrix schenckii
Culture media must contain lipids, usually olive oil?
a. Malassezia furfur
b. Microsporum canis
c. Piedraia hortae
d. Trichosporon beigelii
a. Malassezia furfur
A dermatophyte that forms antler-like branching hyphae called favic chandeliers?
a. Microsporum gypseum
b. Microsporum canis
c. Trichophyton schoenleinii
d. Epidermophyton floccosum
c. Trichophyton schoenleinii
Rotavirus is present in large number in:
a. CSF
b. sputum
c. stool
d. urine
c. stool
An organism was isolated from an eye wash of a patient with a corneal infection who had been wearing contact lenses for the past 2 years. What is the name of the causative agent?
a. Acanthamoeba spp.
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Naegleria spp.
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
a. Acanthamoeba spp.
Which of the following exhibit Schuffner’s dots and have a true relapse in the life cycle?
a. P. falciparum and P. ovale
b. P. falciparum and P. vivax
c. P. malariae and P. ovale
d. P. vivax and P. ovale
d. P. vivax and P. ovale
Schizogony does not usually take place in peripheral blood. Young trophozoites and gametocytes are generally the only stages seen on the peripheral blood smear.
a. P. falciparum
b. P. malariae
c. P. ovale
d. P. vivax
a. P. falciparum
Which of the following conditions is associated with monocytosis?
a. infectious mononucleosis
b. lymphoid malignancies
c. tuberculosis
d. whooping cough
c. tuberculosis
Red cell inclusions associated with moth ball ingestion:
a. basophilic stipplings
b. heinz bodies
c. howell-jolly bodies
d. pappenheimer bodies
b. heinz bodies
Which of the following contain RNA and are usually identified by staining with brilliant cresyl blue or new methylene blue?
a. heinz bodies
b. reticulocytes
c. siderotic granules
d. howell jelly bodies
b. reticulocytes
Which of the following clinical conditions is associated with stomatocytes?
a. abetalipoproteinemia
b. alcoholic cirrhosis
c. renal insufficiency
d. severe burns
b. alcoholic cirrhosis
Which of the following inclusions is only visible with supravital staining?
a. basophilic stippling
b. cabot rings
c. heinz bodies
d. pappenheimer bodies
c. heinz bodies
Burr cells are increased in which of the following conditions?
a. abetalipoproteinemia
b. microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
c. myelofibrosis
d. uremia
d. uremia
Which of the following conditions is characterized with a decreased haptoglobin concentration?
a. acute inflammation
b. chronic inflammation
c. extravascular hemolysis
d. intravascular hemolysis
d. intravascular hemolysis
Which of the following is likely to occur first in iron deficiency anemia?
a. decreased serum iron
b. increased TIBC
c. decreased serum ferritin
d. increased transferrin
c. decreased serum ferritin
Storage pool deficiencies are defects of:
a. platelet adhesion
b. platelet aggregation
c. platelet granules
d. platelet production
c. platelet granules
Lupus anticoagulants are risk factors of:
a. fibrinolysis
b. hemolysis
c. hemorrhage
d. thrombosis
d. thrombosis
The JAK2 mutation may be positive in all of the following chronic myeloproliferative disorders except?
a. essential thrombocythemia
b. myelofibrosis
c. polycythemia vera
d. CML
d. CML
A 28-year old female patient presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of DIC. A CBC and coagulation studies were ordered. The peripheral smear showed blasts and immature cells with heavy granulation and Auer rods. Which of the following disorders would be most likely?
a. ANLL with t(9;11)
b. ANLL with t(15;17)
c. ALL with t(12;21)
d. ALL with t(9;22)
b. ANLL with t(15;17)
Oral anticoagulants can reduce the level of:
a. fibrinogen and calcium
b. fibrinogen and factor V
c. factors V and VIII
d. protein C and S
d. protein C and S
Which mutation is shared by a large percentage of patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis?
a. BCR/ABL
b. JAK2/V61F
c. PDGFR
d. RUNX1
b. JAK2/V61F
The genetic mutation associated with CML:
a. t(15;17)
b. t(11;14)
c. t(9;22)
d. t(8;21)
c. t(9;22)
Only 2 mL of blood is collected in a vacuum tube containing EDTA that is designed for 7 mL draw, which of the following result can be:
a. falsely lowered RBC count
b. falsely elevated hemoglobin
c. erroneously decreased hematocrit
d. ESR is of expected value
c. erroneously decreased hematocrit
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is characterized by flow cytometry results that are:
a. negative for CD55 and CD59
b. positive for CD55 and CD59
c. negative for CD4 and CD8
d. positive for all normal CD markers
a. negative for CD55 and CD59
A patient’s hemoglobin level is 12.3 g/dL. The erythrocytes appear normochromic on the Wright-stained smear. The hematocrit value that correlates with these data:
a. 0.34 L/L
b. 0.37 L/L
c. 0.40 L/L
d. 0.43 L/L
b. 0.37 L/L
Which of the following is considered an artifact on drying of blood film?
a. acantbhocytes
b. echinocytes
c. spherocytes
d. stomatocytes
b. echinocytes
The area in the automated cell counter histogram represents the RBC distribution curve:
insert pic
45-450 fL WBC
36-360 fL RBC
2-20 fL PLT
B
Which of the following will cause a decrease in ESR reading
a. delay in testing
b. high room temp
c. tilted ESR tube
d. vibration
a. delay in testing
The area in the automated cell counter histogram represents the platelet distribution curve:
insert pic
C
Cushing’s syndrome is associated with:
a. hyperglycemia
b. hypoglycemia
c. normal blood glucose
d. variable blood glucose
a. hyperglycemia
A 62-year old patient presents to the physician with report of increased thirst and increased urination, particularly at night. The physician requests a series of tests over the next few days. The following data are received:
Random glucose: 186 mg/dL
Fasting glucose: 114 mg/dL
2-hour OGTT: 153 mg/dL
HbA1c: 5.9%
Which of the following conclusions may be made regarding these data?
a. data represents normal glucose status
b. data represents an impaired glucose status
c. data represents the presence of insulinoma
d. data represents diagnosis of diabetes
b. data represents an impaired glucose status
Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:
a. cholesterol
b. total protein
c. chylomicrons
d. albumin
c. chylomicrons
Which of the following lipoproteins is the smallest of all the lipoproteins and is composed of 50% protein?
a. HDL
b. chylomicrons
c. LDL
d. triglyceride
a. HDL
Which of the following renal conditions is associated with recent group A β-hemolytic streptococcus infection?
a. kidney obstruction
b. acute renal failure
c. uremic syndrome
d. acute glomerulonephritis
d. acute glomerulonephritis
In which of the following disease states, would you see an elevation in total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin only?
a. hemolysis
b. neonatal jaundice
c. hepatitis
d. biliary obstruction
d. biliary obstruction
Adrenal cushing’s syndrome:
a. increased cortisol and ACTH
b. decreased cortisol and ACTH
c. increased cortisol, decreased ACTH
d. decreased cortisol, increased ACTH
c. increased cortisol, decreased ACTH
Which of the following tests may be ordered to assess the toxic effects of acetaminophen?
a. amylase and lipase
b. AST and ALT
c. BUN and creatinine
d. CK and LD
b. AST and ALT
Levels of this analyte rises rapidly after myocardial infarction buy this finding is relatively nonspecific:
a. myoglobin
b. troponin
c. creatine kinase
d. lactate dehydrogenase
a. myoglobin
Phenobarbital is a metabolite of:
a. amobarbital
b. phenytoin
c. primidone
d. secobarbital
c. primidone
The drug procainamide is prescribed to treat cardiac arrhythmia. What biologically active liver metabolite of procainamide is often measured simultaneously?
a. lidocaine
b. N-acetyl procainamide (NAPA)
c. phenobarbital
d. quinidine
b. N-acetyl procainamide (NAPA)
The TROUGH level for the therapeutic drug monitoring is collected:
a. 30 mins after the medication is administered
b. 30 mins before the medication is administered
c. at the time specified by the manufacturer
d. after the patient has fasted for 8 hrs
b. 30 mins before the medication is administered
If the total bilirubin is 3.1 mg/dL (53.0 umol/L) and the conjugated bilirubin is 2.0 mg/dL (umol/L), the unconjugated bilirubin is:
a. 0.5 mg/dL (8.6 µmol/L)
b. 2.2 mg/dL (3.76 µmol/L)
c. 1.1 mg/dL (18.8 µmol/L)
d. 5.1 mg/dL (87.2 µmol/L)
c. 1.1 mg/dL (18.8 µmol/L)
When measuring serum bilirubin, the purpose of adding caffeine-sodium benzoate or methanol the reaction mixture:
a. accelerate the reaction with conjugated bilirubin
b. accelerate the reaction with unconjugated bilirubin
c. destroy excess diazo reagent
d. shift the wavelength absorbed by azobilirubin
b. accelerate the reaction with unconjugated bilirubin
Which of the following compounds can interfere with the coulometric chloride assay?
a. acetoacetate
b. ascorbate
c. bromide
d. nitrate
c. bromide
Hepatocellular damage may be best assessed by:
a. serum AST and ALT
b. GGT and ALP
c. bilirubin, GGT, and ALP
d. ammonia and urea
a. serum AST and ALT
Which of the following analytes is the best indicator of hepatobiliary damage:
a. AST
b. ALT
c. ALP
d. bilirubin
c. ALP
The highest serum ALP activities (10 to 25x the URL) are found in patients with:
a. hyperthyroidism
b. osteomalacia
c. paget/’s disease
d. rickets
c. paget/’s disease
Primary hyperparathyroidism:
a. increased calcium and phosphate
b. decreased calcium and phosphate
c. increased calcium, decreased phosphate
d. decreased calcium; increased phosphate
c. increased calcium, decreased phosphate
Increased calcium and phosphate:
a. malignancy
b. hyperparathyroidism
c. multiple myeloma
d. all of these
c. multiple myeloma
Which set of results is consistent with uncompensated metabolic acidosis?
a. pH 7.25 HCO3- 15 mmol/L pCO2, 37 mm Hg
b. pH 7.30 HCO3- 16 mmol/L pCO2, 28 mm Hg
c. pH 7.45 HCO3- 22 mmol/L pCO2, 40 mm Hg
d. pH 7.40 HCO3- 25 mmol/L pCO2, 40 mm Hg
a. pH 7.25 HCO3- 15 mmol/L pCO2, 37 mm Hg
Valinomycin enhances the selectivity of the electrode used to quantitate
a. calcium
b. chloride
c. potassium
d. sodium
c. potassium
Increased in pCO2 in a patient most commonly results in which of the following primary acid-based abnormalities?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
a. respiratory acidosis
Which salts are frequently administered to patients with pre-eclampsia?
a. chloride
b. iron
c. magnesium
d. sodium
c. magnesium
What is the effect of oral contraceptives on iron?
a. high
b. low
c. normal
d. variable
a. high
Most reference electrodes contain a high concentration of ________ internal solution used to produce the reference potential.
a. KCl
b. KOH
c. NaCl
d. NaOH
a. KCl
Which set of results is consistent with uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?
a. pH 7.70 HCO3- 30 mmol/L pCO2, 25 mm Hg
b. pH 7.66 HCO3- 22 mmol/L pCO2, 20 mm Hg
c. pH 7.46 HCO3- 38 mmol/L pCO2, 55 mm Hg
d. pH 7.36 HCO3- 22 mmol/L pCO2, 38 mm Hg
b. pH 7.66 HCO3- 22 mmol/L pCO2, 20 mm Hg
A patient’s blood gas results are:
pH= 7.50
pCO2= 55 mm Hg
HCO3-= 40 mmol/L
a. respiratory acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
Comparing two (2) methods for identification of an analyte. By the standard test, 100 patients test positive.
METHOD 1 METHOD 2
positive 80 70
negative 20 30
Which is true?
a. same sensitivity
b. same specificity
c. method 1 is more sensitive
d. method 1 is more specific
c. method 1 is more sensitive
If a test has a specificity of 98%, it results in approximately:
a. 98% false positives
b. 98% false negatives
c. 2% false positives
d. 2% false negatives
c. 2% false positives
Acidic urine
a. vomiting
b. vegetarian diet
c. high protein diet
d. renal tubular acidosis
c. high protein diet
Which of the following reagents is used in the mucin clot test:
a. acetic acid
b. potassium iodide, iodine
c. sodium hydroxide
d. trichloroacetic acid
a. acetic acid
Urine of a patient with orthostatic proteinuria:
Specimen 1: first-morning urine
Specimen 2: after remaining in a vertical position for several hours
Which is true?
a. both specimens will yield positive results for urine protein
b. both specimens will yield negative results for urine protein
c. specimen 1 positive; specimen 2 negative
d. specimen 1 negative; specimen 2 positive
d. specimen 1 negative; specimen 2 positive
Xanthochromic CSF is an indicator of:
a. bacterial meningitis
b. increased pressure of CSF
c. increased protein of CSF
d. cerebral hemorrhage
d. cerebral hemorrhage
Which of the following is a test for fetal lung maturity?
a. acetylcholinesterase
b. alpha-fetoprotein
c. phosphatidylglycerol
d. optical density at 450 nm
c. phosphatidylglycerol
(acetylcholinesterase & alpha-fetoprotein- neural tube defects)
Very viscous synovial fluid may be pretreated with:
a. acetic acid
b. alpha-chymotrypsin
c. hyaluronidase
d. normal saline
c. hyaluronidase
Amniotic fluid from expectant mother in the 39th week of gestation gives these laboratory results:
L/S ratio: 4.0
Creatinine: 2.8 mg/dL
Delta A450: 0.008 (LILEY ZONE I)
a. inadequate fetal kidney function
b. intrauterine hemolysis
c. mature fetal lungs
d. small fetal body size
c. mature fetal lungs
