Pressure ulcers Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of pressure ulcers?
A
- Localised injury to the skin as a result of pressure
- (or a combination of pressure with shear)
- Usually over a bony prominence
2
Q
What are the factors which interplay to result in pressure sores?
(Aetiology of pressure sores)
A
- Pressure
- Intensity and duration are important
- Shear
- Patients sliding down the bed
- Friction
- Moisture
3
Q
Describe the primary prevention of pressure ulcers?
A
- Often unavoidable
- Identify at risk patients
- Waterlow Scale for Stratification of Pressure Score Risk
- Interventions
- Repositioning every 3 hours
- Specialised mattresses
- Dressings over bony prominences
4
Q
Case presentation of pressure ulcers
A
5
Q
Describe the grading of pressure ulcers?
A
- Grade 1: Non-blanchable erythema
- Grade 2: Partial thickness
- Grade 3: Full-thickness skin loss
- Grade 4: Full-thickness tissue loss
6
Q
Risk factors for pressure ulcers?
A
- Immobility
- Sensory impairment
- Surgery
- Malnourishment
7
Q
Diagnostic tests for pressure ulcers?
A
- Clinical diagnosis
- Wound swab
- WBC
- Serum glucose
- Exclude diabetes
8
Q
Differentials for pressure ulcers?
A
- Venous ulcers
- Duplex US would demonstrate reversed venous flow
- Diabetic neuropathy
- HbA1c may support poor glucose control
9
Q
Acute management of ALL patients with pressure ulcers?
A
- Pressure-reducing aids + repositioning
- Wound hygiene
- Analgesia
- Adjunct antimicrobial therapy
10
Q
Acute management of patients with stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcers who are unsuitable for surgery?
A
Debridement of necrotic tissue
11
Q
Acute management of patients with stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcers who are suitable for surgery?
A
Surgical debridement and reconstruction with flap formation
12
Q
Complications of pressure ulcers?
A
- Sepsis
- Cellulitis
- Osteomyelitis
