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GOVP1 Pressure Groups > Pressure Groups > Flashcards

Pressure Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Protective pressure grouos

A

Also known as sectional groups
Serve interests of members
More closed- e.g. Teachers trade union only for teachers

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2
Q

Promotional groups

A

Also known as cause groups
Campaign on those polices that they believe will benefit others or the interest of society as a whole
Wider membership

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3
Q

Examples of promotional groups

A 
Green peace 
EDL
Oxfam
WWF
Teenage cancer trust 
Cancer research 
RSPB
RSPCA
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4
Q

Examples of protective groups

A

Salvation Army
Pro life alliance
TUC- trade union congress
BMA

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5
Q

Why do people join pressure groups?

A 
Poor representation 
Supporting a cause 
Minor ties can get involved in politics 
Influence 
Awareness
Find a charity 
Issues neglected by political parties
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6
Q

Roles of pressure groups

A

Education
Participation
Representation

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7
Q

Why have the number of p. Groups increased?

A

Interest in single issue campaigning
New issues
Development since the mid 20th century of a multi ethnicity and cultural society
Improved communication
The growth in the extent and scope of gov activity in the second half of the 20th century
Growing complexity and specialism of modern life

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8
Q

Alexis de Tocqueville theory

A

State

Civil society including pressure groups, charities, social movements trade unions and advocacy groups

Family

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9
Q

Grant’s theory on pressure groups

A

Based on their relationship with gov

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10
Q

Protective and promotional theory writer

A

Stewart 1950’s

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11
Q

Insider groups

A

Contact with gov
Work behind the scenes rather than high profile media stunts, that could embarrass the gov
Mainstream goals

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12
Q

Outsider groups

A

No register contact with gov
Forced to engage in media stunts to move their interest up the political agenda
Issues that provoke controversy

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13
Q

Different kinds of insiders

A

Core insiders- consulted regularly by gov

Peripheral insiders- consulted rarely

Specialist insiders- consulted on narrow issues

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14
Q

Different kinds of outsiders

A

Ideological outsiders- avoid gov

Outsiders by necessity- aims can’t be achieved

Potential insiders- might achieve inside status lacking in support or experience

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15
Q

Types of campaigns

A

Background- image over a period of time

Fire brigade- dramatic, rally support quickly e.g. Snowdrop campaign

Direct action- beyond constitutional or legal framework, vigilantes in some way

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16
Q

Pressure group access points

See poster for methods and examples

A 
Executive 
Legislature 
Media 
Courts
Local
Devolved 
European 
International
17
Q

Factors that affect success in pressures groups

A

Aims
Resources
Methods
Status

18
Q

Why do pressure groups use the media?

A 
Local issues go national 
Gain resources 
Trigger emotion 
Pressure government 
Sympathy 
Propaganda
19
Q

How do pressure groups is use the media ?

A

Social media

Petitions and e- petitions

20
Q

Direct action examples

A 
Sit in protests 
Boycotting 
Interrupting tv events 
Squatting 
Marches 
Peaceful protests 
Animal liberation front
Save newchirch guinea pigs
21
Q

What are countervailing groups

A

Two contrasting views e.g. Abortion

22
Q

Chequebook membership

A

Sign up but don’t do anything

23
Q

Why are the BMA successful?

A

Represent lots of people
Campaigns on aspects of the NHS
Able to pass legislation without difficulty
Reputations for airing medical controversies

Core insider group
Expertise- mutual relationship
Wealthy members

24
Q

Why are the BMA no longer successful?

A 
Pressure from gov 
Less funding 
Angry at Cameron and Hunt 
Longer hours 
Reform NHS
Doesn't want to work closely with gov
25
Q

New right view of pressure groups

A

Pressure groups have no place in gov, they slow down the leg and exec
Thatcher stopped working with pressure groups in 1980 e.g. Trade unions

26
Q

Corporatism and Tripartism view of pressure groups

A

Bringing organised interests into the process of gov, corporatists place greater emphasis on close links that exits between groups and the state

Gov works from employees interests

Harold Wilson, Edward Heath and James Callaghan used tripartism

27
Q

Liberal democracy

A

Democracy incorporating free and fair elections, belief in the importance of key rights and responsibilities

28
Q

Pluralist democracy

A

Encourages participation and allows for free and fair competition between competing interests

29
Q

Representative democracy

A

Citizens elect representatives who enact laws on their behalf, no obligation for those elected to defer or to seek further approval from citizens before they introduce new policies

30
Q

Is Greenpeace internally democratic?

A

Strictly bureaucratic, if not authoritarian
Elitist- small group of people having control over the organisation at international and national level
The rank and file is excluded from all decisions

31
Q

Are pressure groups good for democracy?

Yes argument

A 
Occur naturally under any system of gov
Organise and articulate views of others 
Additional avenue for participation
Wide range of opinions 
Essential role in moderation radical views 
Strength of options to be expressed 
Educates the public 
Expertise to gov
32
Q

Are pressure groups good for democracy?

No argument

A

Quality of participation in pressure groups is often low- cheque book membership
Lack legitimacy
Non membership groups are simply fronts for wealthy and influential business interests
Gets in the way of joined up gov
Many groups are misleading or indoctrinating

33
Q

What are pressure groups?

A

Like minded individuals who come together

34
Q

Marxist approach to pressure groups

A

Draw attention to the unequal distribution of power between employers and employees

35
Q

Why do the gov consult pressure groups?

A

Technical information
Assistance in carrying out policy
Means of obtaining the views of embers of the group

36
Q

Role of direct action

A

Taking matters into their own hands
Doesn’t always have to be violent
Can start as peaceful protests but can turn violent quickly
Many promotional groups use direct action

37
Q

Why do pressure groups use direct action?

A

Effective means of getting points across

38
Q

What is ecotage?

A

Direct action in the environmental field

39
Q

What is lobbying?

A

Practise of meeting with elected representatives to persuade them of the merits of the case you wish to advance

GOVP1 Pressure Groups (1 decks)

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