pressure groups

Question 1

pluralism

Answer 1

the concept that democratic politics involves numerous or plural groups all competing for power and influence on a roughly equal basis. the playing field is level and no one group or interest has significant advantages. Pluralism is therefore characterised by a wide dispersal of power. pluralism therefore promotes a forum for debate and scrutiny between competing groups.

Question 2

political agenda

Answer 2

the issues that are the subject of decision-making and debate by those with political power. the agenda varies according to time and circumstance as well as which party is in power. pressure groups seek to ensure their policy are is both high up the agenda and shaped in a way that accords to their own views.

Question 3

insider pressure groups

Answer 3

pressure groups that have close ties and contacts with government. they often represent either powerful, well-resourced groups such as those in business or industry, or offer specialist knowledge and insights that can be useful for the government when drawing up legislation.

Question 4

outisder pressure groups

Answer 4

pressure groups that lack strong established links with government. they often represent more marginalised or radical policy agendas and frequently use direct action to publicise their aims.

Question 5

promotional groups

Answer 5

pressure groups that set out to achieve a specific set of aims that are not in the direct self-interest of their members. this can include human rights, nuclear disarmament. they can be more selfless in their objectives, which are often based on ethics and principles.

Question 6

interest groups

Answer 6

pressure groups that exist primarily to defend and advance the specific interests of their members. e.g. trade unions. they might be more defined as selfish in their aims, although would also justify their stance as being in the national interest.