Pressure flow

Question 1

Distributed head losses

Answer 1

due
to friction

Question 2

Local head losses

Answer 2

due to
unsteady flow conditions

Question 3

Laminar flow

Answer 3

smooth streamlines, no velocity component perpendicular to the streamlines high stability of flow to perturbation

Question 4

Transitional flow

Answer 4

fluctuations between laminar and turbulent flow;
it does not happen suddenly

Question 5

Turbulent flow

Answer 5

velocity fluctuations; highly disordered motion; tracer
merges with fluid; momentum transfer between fluid
particles increases and so increases the friction force
on the surface and thus the required pumping power

Question 6

When should the Von karman equation be used?

Answer 6

Wholly turbulent flow, rough pipes,

Question 7

When should the Blausius equation be used?

Answer 7

Transition flow, up to Re=10^5, smooth pipes

Question 8

When should the Prandtl -Von karman equation be used?

Answer 8

Transition flow, up to Re=10^7, smooth pipes

Question 9

When should colebrook equation be used?

Answer 9

Turbulent flow, rough pipes