Presidents, Constitution, and RI Flashcards
Presidents 1789 - 1861
1. George Washington (1789-1797) John Adams (1789-1797)
2. John Adams (1797-1801) Thomas Jefferson (1797-1801)
3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) Aaron Burr (1801-1805) George Clinton (1805-1809)
- James Madison (1809-1817)
- James Monroe (1817-1825)
- John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
- Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
- Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
- William Henry Harrison (1841)
- John Tyler (1841-1845)
- James K. Polk (1845-1849)
- Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)
- Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
- Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
- James Buchanan (1857-1861)
Presidents 1861 - 1901
16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) Hannibal Hamlin (1861-1865) Andrew Johnson (1865)
- Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)
- Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
- Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)
20. James A. Garfield (1881) Chester Arthur (1881) 21. Chester Arthur (1881-1885) None (1881-1885) 22. Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)
- Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)
- Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)
- William McKinley (1897-1901)
Garret Hobart (1897-1899)
None (1899-1901)
Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Presidents 1901 - 1933
26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) None (1901-1905) Charles Fairbanks (1905-1909)
- William Howard Taft (1909-1913)
- Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)
- Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
Calvin Coolidge (1921-1923) - Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
- Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)
Presidents 1933 - present
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)
- Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) Richard Nixon (1953-1961) 35. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1961-1963) 36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) None (1963-1965) Hubert Humphrey (1965-1969) 37. Richard Nixon (1969-1974) Spiro Agnew (1969-1973)
Gerald Ford (1973-1974) 38. Gerald Ford (1974-1977)
- Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
- Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
41. George Bush (1989-1993) Dan Quayle (1989-1993) 42. Bill Clinton (1993-2001) Al Gore (1993-2001)
43. George W. Bush (2001-2009) Dick Cheney (2001-2009)
44. Barack Obama (2009-2017) Joe Biden (2009-2017)
45. Donald Trump (2017- ) Mike Pence (2017- )
How many amendments, which are the Bill of Rights, and how to ratify a constitutional amendment?
27 Amendments. The first ten were enacted simultaneously and are the Bill of Rights.
Article Five of the Constitution lays out the process for amending the Constitution:
To get it sent to the States, need either a 2/3 majority in both the House and Senate OR a national convention called by Congress on the application of 2/3 the state legislatures
To then have it added to the Constitution, 3/4 of the state legislatures must ratify within the time period required (if any) OR state ratifying conventions held within 3/4 of the states.
What amendments did RI vote against, but become part of Constitution any way?
The 16th (income tax) and 18th (prohibition). RI never ratified prohibition.
How can the president be impeached?
Any federal official may be impeached for treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The House has the sole power of impeaching, while the Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. Removal is automatic upon Senate conviction (no judicial review).
Who recommended impeachment be added to the Constitution, and why?
At the Philadelphia Convention, Benjamin Franklin said that, historically, the removal of “obnoxious” chief executives had been accomplished by assassination. Franklin suggested that a proceduralized mechanism for legal removal—impeachment—would be preferable
Historically, who has been impeached?
Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were both impeached by House but acquitted by the Senate. Nixon resigned before House voted to impeach.
When did RI become a state?
On May 4, 1776, the colony of RI was the first of the 13 colonies to renounce allegiance to the crown.
It was the 4th state to ratify the articles of confederation.
It was the last state to ratify the Constitution, having initially refused to do so, on May 29, 1790—after assurances the Bill of Rights would be added to it.
Who was Roger Williams?
He was a theologian who was forced out of Massachusetts Bay Colony and who founded (with others) Providence Plantation seeking religious and political tolerance.
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
She and other religious dissenters settled on Aquidneck Island (then known as RI), which was purchased from local tribes who called it Pocasset. The settlement was called Portsmouth and governed by the Portsmouth Compact.
Apportionment
RI likely to lose congressional seat in 2020.
First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Second Amendment
A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
Third Amendment
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Fourth Amendment
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
Fifth Amendment
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.
Sixth Amendment
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Seventh Amendment
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.
Eighth Amendment
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Ninth Amendment
The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Tenth Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
Eleventh Amendment
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
Twelfth Amendment
VP and Pres will not elected separately; electoral college will vote for them, and therefore they will be of the same party, and not first runner-up VP as before.
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Fourteenth Amendment
Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War debt issues.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws
Note: there’s a “privileges & immunities clause” of Article Four of the Constitution.
Fifteenth Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Sixteenth Amendment
Congress may levy an income tax. (1909)
Seventeeth Amendment
Establishes the direct election of US senators by popular vote (1912)
Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibition (1917)
Nineteenth Amendment
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex (1919)
Twentieth Amendment
The terms of the President and VP begin on January 20, the terms of Senators and Representatives begin on January 3.
Twenty-first Amendment
Repeals prohibition (1933)
Twenty-second Amendment
Limits the number of times a person can be elected president, and if one serves more than two years of a term for which another was elected, that counts as one. (1947)
Twenty-third Amendment
Grants D.C. electors in the electoral college (1960)
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax
Twenty-fifth Amendment
Addresses succession to the Presidency, and responding to Presidential disabilities
Twenty-sixth Amendment
All US citizen aged 18 or over can vote
Twenty-seventh Amendment
Delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representatives. Submitted for ratification 1789, ratification completed 1992.
Preamble to the Constitution
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
Touro
The Touro Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in North America. Built in 1763 the synagogue houses the oldest torah in North America.
Battle of RI
The first African-American regiment to fight for America made a gallant stand against the British in the Battle of Rhode Island.
RI area
1214 (37-EWx48-NS) square miles, the smallest state in size
Oldest library in America
The Redwood Library and Athenaeum in Newport is the United States’ oldest library building.
The White Horse Tavern
The White Horse Tavern was built in 1673 and is the oldest operating tavern in the United States.
The Industrial Revolution
The era know as The Industrial Revolution started in Rhode Island with the development and construction in 1790 of Samuel Slater’s water-powered cotton mill in Pawtucket.
What did Jefferson and Adams say about Roger Williams?
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams publicly acknowledged Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, as the originator of the concepts and principles reflected in The First Amendment. Among those principles were freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of public assembly.
The Gaspee
Rhode Islanders were the first to take military action against England by sinking one of her ships in the Narragansett Bay located between Newport and Providence. The English ship was called “The Gaspee”.
RI county government?
Rhode Island has no county government. It is divided into 39 municipalities each having its own form of local government.
Golf
The state was home to the first open golf tournament. The event occurred in 1895.
St. Mary’s Church, Newport
St. Mary’s, Rhode Island’s oldest Roman Catholic parish was founded in 1828.
US states alphabetically
Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
US states 1-25
Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri
US States 25-50
Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
American territories
We have 16 territories, 5 of which are permanently inhabited: American Samoa, Puerto Rico, The U.S. Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam.
