Presidents Flashcards
what was the most notable law under Cleveland
Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890
What was the Sherman Anti-trust act?
The first Federal act that outlawed monopolies
When was the Sherman Anti-trust Act?
1890, introduced by B.Harrison but was under Cleveland
why was Lochner vs New York declared unconstitutional?
as it violated the rights of workers to determine their hours of work
Why was the Wagner act introduced?
Roosevelt feared trade unions would limit the control that industrialists had over their workforce
Under Woodrow Wilson, how much did factory production increase by?
factory production increases by 35%
Under Wilson, why did factory production increase?
It was during WW1 needed workers in order to produce weapons which they sold to UK
What was the strike that happened under Cleveland?
Pullman Strike 1894, strikes of trains
What was the Pullman strike?
The strike meant there was no trains running, at this time post was moved by train; this meant no businesses could transfer goods or mail.
How did Cleveland solve the Pullman strike?
he government banned anyone from intervening with the mail, meaning the train strike therefore became illegal and had to be stopped.
What president was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914?
Woodrow Wilson
What was the clayton anti-trust act 1914
The Clayton Antitrust Act is an amendment passed by U.S. Congress in 1914 that provides further clarification and substance to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
What was the National War Labor Board
The National War Labor Board was authorized in March 1918 for the purpose of preventing strikes that would disrupt production in war industries.
When was the National War Labour Board
March 1918
Who was the president responsible for the National War Labour Board ?
Wilson
What is the Taft-Hartley act?
United States federal law that restricts the activities and power of labor unions
What president was responsible for the Taft-Hartley Act?
Harry S Truman
When was the Taft-Hartley Act?
1947
What was the Equal Pay Act?
aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex
Who was responsible for the equal pay act
JFK (1963)
when was the equal pay act?
1963
Who is responsible for the Occupational safety and health act in 1970?
Richard Nixton
What is the occupational safety and health act in 1970?
To protect workers from the lack of health and safety precautions in the work place
Who did the occupational safety and health act apply to?
All workers including those who work in private sectors
When was the Occupational safety and health act ?
1970
Who was president during the PATCO strike?
Reagan
Why was the PATCO strike illegal
The strike was in breach of a 1955 Act which prevented government workers from striking .
Why did Reagan shut the PATCO strike down so harshly?
Reagan was determined to reduce the powers of unions. The government was concerned that such a strike would have a serious impact on the economy and
When was the Pullman strike?
1894
What was the governments attitude?
Laissez-faire (leave alone)
Who introduced the New Deal
FRD
Who failed to deal with the Wall street crash and great depression?
Hoover
As a result of the Great depression, what Trade union action increased?
strikes and sit ins
Who was the president 1977-81?
Jimmy Carter
Who was the president 1945-53?
Harry S Truman
Who was the president 1961-63?
JFK
When was ww2
1939-45
what was the president during: Coppage Vs Kansas: which allowed yellow dog contracts (promising not to join a union)
Wilson
what was Coppage Vs Kansas:
allowed yellow dog contracts (promising not to join a union)
What did Wagner believe in?
Wagner believed legislation was essential (if its law government will have to do it- or they will look weak)
What was as a result of the Wagner Act?
Spies on shop floors and black listing agitators was banned
Who was Cesar Chavez
Hispanic. Led the Salad Bowl Strike in 1970. Created: United Farm Workers Union. He was important as he created unions for farm workers/countryside . Nonviolence and fasting as a method of protest
Who is A. Philip Randolph
Brotherhood of the sleeping car Porters;
pullman company- fighting to get employees recognised.
What is the Haymarket Affair?
1886, violent rally which sparked significant police response. It damages credibility of unions. Blamed on German immigrants
Who is Henry Ford
Biggest employer in American and against labour rights
What is the AFL
American Federal of Labour who merged with the CIO to become AFL-CIO
What are the Wobblies
industrial workers of the world.- ineffective because of their violence. (1905)
What is Welfare Capitalism
Henry Ford, instead of trade unions; benefits the workers but not union activity. Sick pay, holiday pay etc
What is the Salad Bowl strike
The Salad Bowl strike was a series of strikes, mass pickets, boycotts and secondary boycotts that began on August 23, 1970 and led to the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history.
What is the Salad Bowl strike
The Salad Bowl strike was a series of strikes, mass pickets, boycotts that began on August 23, 1970 and led to the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history.
What act shows the regression of the New deal
Taft-Hartley Act
Who does PATCO represent
the demise of trade union and labour rights
How many people were fired as a result of the PATCO strike
12,000 members
What 2 groups were welcomed by the Wobblies
immigrants and women
what is the New Deal
1933- 39. Boost economy and social life post- the Great Depression
What was the Impact of the New Deal
Taft-Hartley act shows regression of it, but 15 years on
Why did Cleveland introduce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
As the Pullman strike nearly turned into a general strike as many pockets of people, so they introduced them to give something back to keep the workers happier and less likely to strike
What impact had the great depression had on strikes
Strikes low in 1930 as the economy was damaged, they didn’t want to lose their jobs as money was tight and employees were disposables
when was the worst time to join a union
during the Great Depression
What did the merging of AFL and CIO do for skilled and unskilled workers
brought them together and ended the divisions between them
when was most of the division between trade unions solved by
1960s
What act was introduced as a result of the pullman strike
Omnibus Indictment Act
What is the Omnibus Indictment act
banned general strike action
what did AFL-CIO achieve in 1962
annual 2% wage increase with employers
When did AFL-CIO achieve an annual 2% wage increase with employers
1962
