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Edexcel Politics: US > President > Flashcards

President Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the constitution set out about the role of the executive?

A

‘The executive power shall be vested in a president of the USA’ rather than in a cabinet of the government as a whole

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2
Q

How many government officials are appointed at the start of the presidency?

A

Around 4000

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3
Q

Example of governmental appointments being rejected by the Senate

A

Chad Wolf who was nominated to head the Department of Homeland Security in 2021
Lisa Gomez and David Well who were nominated to head the Department of Labour’s Wage in 2022

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4
Q

How many executive departments in Cabinet

A

15

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5
Q

Powers as head of executive

A

To act as Chief Executive
To nominate government officials

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6
Q

Foreign policy powers

A

To act as Commander-in-Chief
To negotiate treaties

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7
Q

Evidence of the President’s using their role as Commander-in-Chief

A

Trump made the decision to assassinate Iranian general Qasem Soleimani in 2020
Biden made the decision to pull the final US troops out of Afghanistan, completed in 2021
Biden made the decision to move more US warships into the Persian Guld following Hamas attacks on Israel

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8
Q

Why is the role as Commander-in-Chief so important

A

Since WW2, US troops have always been engaged in war somewhere in the world

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9
Q

Most recent treaty

A

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, a trade agreement that replaced NAFTA

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10
Q

A treaty rejected by Congress

A

Obama’s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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11
Q

Legislative powers

A

To propose legislation
To sign/veto legislation
To submit an annual budget

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12
Q

Biden’s 2023 State of the Union Address

A

Implored Congress to pass policing reform, immigration legislation, codify abortion rights and cap the price of insulin

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13
Q

Obama’s 2010 State of the Union Address

A

Focused on passing the ACA, which passed a few months later

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14
Q

How many vetoes did Obama and Trump use?

A

12, 10

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15
Q

Example of Trump’s veto

A

Vetoed the Iran War Powers resolution which would have limited his authority to use military force against Iran without congressional approval

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16
Q

Example of Biden’s vetoes

A

Vetoed a bill that have blocked his student loan forgiveness programme
Vetoed a bill that would have stripped the Endangered Species Protection from the northern long-eared bat

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17
Q

Examples of presidential pardons

A

Ford pardoned Nixon over Watergate
Obama pardoned over 1000 individuals on drug charges
Trump pardoned political ally Steve Bannon who had faced charges of corruption involving a political campaign

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18
Q

Trump’s Supreme Court appointments

A

Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, Amy Coney Barrett
All conservatives

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19
Q

Biden’s Supreme Court nomination

A

Ketanji Brown Jackson

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20
Q

Trump’s foreign policy negotiations

A

High profile meetings with Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin

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21
Q

Biden’s leadership of foreign policy

A

Driven US response to the Israel-Hamas war, flying to the Middle East to meet with Netanyahu and other leaders

22
Q

Trump’s use of the electoral mandate

A

To justify restrictive immigration policies like the construction of a border wall
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 2017 was seen as fulfilling his electoral promise to overhaul the tax system

23
Q

Biden’s use of the electoral mandate

A

To justify swift actions and policies in response to COVID including the American Rescue Plan 2021
Focus on climate change initiatives e.g. re-joining the Paris Climate Agreement which were key issues in his campaign

24
Q

Trump’s use of executive orders

A

220
2017 placed a 3 month ban on entering the US for citizens from 7 Muslim countries
2017 signed an executive agreement that withheld funding from sanctuary cities
Both of these were overturned

25
Q

Biden’s use of executive orders

A

138
2022 he signed an executive order instructing government officials to protect access to reproductive healthcare services as much as possible after the overturning of Roe v Wade

26
Q

Bush’s use of executive orders

A

Responded to 9/11 through executive orders such as the creation of the Department of Homeland Security

27
Q

Trump’s use of executive agreements

A

2020 signed an agreement with the Taliban in Afghanistan to begin reducing hostilities

28
Q

Biden’s use of executive agreements

A

2021 rejoined the Paris Climate Agreement

29
Q

Evidence of how easy executive agreements are to ignore

A

Trump repealed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action that Obama signed with Iran

30
Q

Trump’s use of signing statements

A

29
Called for increased direct payments to individuals on the COVID 19 Relief and Government Funding Bill 2020. This led to a separate bill to carry this out

31
Q

Biden’s use of signing statements

A

26
Expressed concerns over parts of the United States-Taiwan Initiative on 21st Century Trade First Agreement Implementation Act 2023
Believed it would infringe on his authority to negotiate with a foreign partner
He said that his administration would treat these requirements as non-binding

32
Q

Trump’s use of executive privilege

A

2020, Trump invoked executive privilege to resist congressional requests for his tax returns, arguing that these were private matters
Used it to prevent key aides from testifying to the House Impeachment inquiry, arguing that these conversations were protected to ensure candid advice

33
Q

Biden’s use of executive privilege

A

2023, Biden invoked executive privilege over certain classified documents related to the origins of COVID 19

34
Q

Evidence of the ‘rally around the flag’ effect after national events

A

Bush’s increase in support after 9/11
Republicans won majorities in both Houses in the 2002 midterms

35
Q

Trump’s response to COVID

A

Used daily press briefings to communicate his administration’s response and decisions
Poor management didn’t help his popularity

36
Q

Biden’s use of the power of persuasion

A

Directly talked with Senators Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema to shape the American Rescue Plan according to bipartisan considerations

37
Q

Biden’s use of the bully pulpit

A

Delivered a series of speeches highlighting the urgent need for COVID relief to create public momentum for the passage of the American Rescue Plan

38
Q

Trump’s use of the power of persuasion

A

Frequently collaborated with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to advance conservative judges’ appointments and legislation like the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

39
Q

Trump’s use of the bully pulpit

A

Used Twitter to call out individual members of Congress who opposed his healthcare reform plans

40
Q

Evidence of the President being able to offer perks

A

Trump’s signing ceremony for the USMCA trade agreement featured Senator Joni Ermst who was up for re-election in a state positively impacted by the trade deal

41
Q

Trump’s Cabinet

A

High turnover in his Cabinet and numerous public disagreements
Removed more Cabinet members than any previous President including 2 Chiefs of Staff and 2 NSAs

42
Q

Mike Pence

A

Trump’s VP and trusted advisor
Ensured that the President continued to pursue conservative policies such as anti-abortion policies and conservative judicial appointments
Head of the White House Coronavirus Task Force

43
Q

Evidence of the influence of Cabinet ministers under Trump

A

Jeff Sessions, Attorney General, and immigration policies such as the ‘Zero Tolerance’ policy that led to family separations at the US-Mexico border

44
Q

Biden’s Cabinet

A

More stable and cohesive
Pete Buttigieg, Transport Secretary, instrumental in promoting the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

45
Q

Kamala Harris

A

Biden’s VP
Seen as having less influence than policy than previous VPs
But has played a key role in breaking ties in the Senate, breaking more ties than any other VP

46
Q

How does EXOP challenge the Cabinet?

A

Have direct access to the President and specialised agencies whereas Cabinet only meets with on a monthly basis

47
Q

Key departments within EXOP

A

National Security Council
Office of Management and Budget
White House Office
Office of Legislative Affairs

48
Q

Role of NSC under Biden

A

Advised and coordinated the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan in 2021

49
Q

Role of OMB under Biden

A

Shalanda Young has been instrumental in managing the budget in line with Biden’s priorities

50
Q

Role of WHO under Biden

A

Ron Klain, Chief of Staff, has been crucial in guiding the overall direction of the administration

51
Q
A

Edexcel Politics: US (2 decks)

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