Presidency Chart: Cleveland

Question 1

When was Groover Cleveland president?

Answer 1

22nd (1885-1889) + 24th president (1893-1897)

Question 2

Major items during Cleveland’s first term in 1886

Answer 2

Haymarket Square Riot and the Knights of Labor // The American Federation of Labor founded // Failure of tariff reform // Wabash Railroad v. Illinois

Question 3

What happened in the Haymarket Square Riot?

Answer 3

Bomb thrown at policemen squad attempting to break up what begun as a peaceful labor rally –> police responded /w wild gunfire, killing people in the crowd, injuring dozens

Question 4

What happened in the Knights of Labor?

Answer 4

Organized unskilled/skilled workers = campaigned for 8-hour workday + cooperative society where laborers own industries they work in –> 1886, collapsed Haymarket Square riot in Chicago

Question 5

What was the American Federation of Labor?

Answer 5

AFL (American Federation of Labor) = 1886, several unions of skilled workers + contributed to large-scale labor movement // members included national trade, craft unions = organized unions/negotiated wages, hours, working conditions

Question 6

What happened in the Failure of tariff reform?

Answer 6

Wanted to reduce tariff –> argued that it would wreck business prosperity + lead to mass unemployment = strategy to appeal to fear to rally financial support from captains of the industry

Question 7

What was the Wabash Railroad v. Illinois?

Answer 7

1886, Supreme Court decision that severely limited rights of states’ control in interstate commerce –> led to creation of Interstate Commerce Commission

Question 8

Major items during Cleveland’s first term in 1887

Answer 8

Interstate Commerce Act // Dawes Severalty Act

Question 9

What election was Cleveland elected in?

Answer 9

The election of 1884

Question 10

what election was Cleveland elected in the second time?

Answer 10

The election of 1892

Question 11

Major items during Cleveland’s second term in 1893

Answer 11

Panic of 1893 and Depression // Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Question 12

What happened in the Panic of 1893 and Depression?

Answer 12

National economic crisis set off collapse of Philadelphia and Reading Railroad & National Cordage Company –> Unemployment rates went from 20% to 25%

Question 13

What happened in the Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?

Answer 13

The law required the Treasury to buy the silver with a special issue of Treasury (Coin) Notes that could be redeemed for either silver or gold. … After the Panic of 1893 broke, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the repeal of the act to prevent the depletion of the government’s gold reserves.

Question 14

major items during Cleveland’s second term in 1894

Answer 14

Coxey’s Army // Pullman Strike

Question 15

What happened in Coxey’s Army?

Answer 15

Coxey’s Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington, D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time.

Question 16

What happened in the Pullman Strike?

Answer 16

The Pullman Strike (May–July 1894) was a widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the U.S. Midwest in June–July 1894. … Grover Cleveland used to dispatch federal troops to address the strike. Following an outbreak of deadly violence, the strike dwindled and rail traffic resumed.

Question 17

major items during Cleveland’s second term in 1895

Answer 17

U.S. v. E.C. Knight // In re Debs // Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise Speech

Question 18

What happened in the U.S. v. E.C. Knight?

Answer 18

The court ruled 8 to 1 against the government, declaring that manufacturing (i.e., refining) was a local activity not subject to congressional regulation of interstate commerce. The decision, permitting combinations of manufacturers, put most monopolies beyond the reach of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Question 19

What happened in In re Debs?

Answer 19

In re Debs, Latin: “In the matter of Debs”, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 27, 1895, unanimously (9–0) upheld the government’s use of the injunction against a labour strike, specifically the Pullman Strike (May 11–July 20, 1894).

Question 20

What was important was Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise Speech?

Answer 20

Washington’s 1895 Address to the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition is one of the most famous speeches in American history. The goal of the Atlanta Exposition was to showcase the economic progress of the South since the Civil War, to encourage international trade, and to attract investors to the region.

Question 21

major items during Cleveland’s second term in 1896

Answer 21

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 22

What happened in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer 22

Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. … As a result, restrictive Jim Crow legislation and separate public accommodations based on race became commonplace.