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AP Gov > Presidency and Bureaucracy > Flashcards

Presidency and Bureaucracy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the fundamental differences between the prime minister and the president?

A
  • presidents may be outsiders, prime ministers are always insiders.
  • presidents have no guaranteed majority, prime ministers always do.
  • presidential system is usually a divided gov’t parliamentary system doesn’t.
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2
Q

What were four fears expressed by the Founders about the aspects of the presidency?

A
  • that the President would use the militia to overpower states
  • he would become a “tool” of the Senate b/c of the powers he has to share with them
  • how he would be reelected
  • too weak=anarchy too strong=monarchy
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3
Q

What happens when no candidate receives a majority of votes in the electoral college

A

The House decides the election. The choose the President from among the three leading candidates and each state gets one vote

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4
Q

How many times has the House of Representatives had to decide the majority Electrical College votes

A

Twice. 1800 and 1824

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5
Q

How did the Framers solved the problem of how to elect the president?

A

Some wanted him to be elected by the people, others wanted him to be elected by members of Congress (like Parliament). The Electoral College was the compromise

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6
Q

Discuss the terms that a president can serve. How many years for each term? How many terms? What is the maximum numbers of years?

A

Two terms was tradition until the 22nd Amendment (1951) making it a formal rule. Each term is 4 years. FDR was the only president that served from 1933-1945 (11 years)

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7
Q

12 amendment

A

election of president and VP

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8
Q

22nd amendment

A

limits presidency to 2 terms

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9
Q

25th amendement

A

succession of presidency

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10
Q

What years did presidential candidates win a majority of the electoral votes without winning a majority of the popular vote? Who were the presidents?

A
  • 2016- Trump
  • 2000- Bush
  • 1888- Harrison
  • 1876-Hayes
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11
Q

What role does the House of Representatives have in selecting the president if a majority of electoral votes doesn’t happen?

A

he House decides the election. The choose the President from among the three leading candidates and each state gets one vote

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12
Q

Name the president prior to 1850 that had a presidency called the imperial presidency

A

Andrew Jackson

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13
Q

What powers does the president share with the Senate

A

Make treaties and appoint ambassadors, judges and high officials

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14
Q

Identify the rule of propinquity

A

Those closest to the President have the greatest influence

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15
Q

Those closest to the President have the greatest influence

A

White House Office

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16
Q

What presidential nominations require Senate confirmation?

A

ambassadors, judges and high officials

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17
Q

What are the three types of presidential organization?

A

Pyramid, Circular and Ad Hoc

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18
Q

Pyramid

A

clear hierarchy, both bushes used

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19
Q

Circular

A

several assistants and cabinet secretaries report to president-Carter

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20
Q

Ad Hoc

A

ubordinates, cabinet officers and committees report directly to president-Kennedy and used for first term by Clinton

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21
Q

Name three groups associated with the Executive Office of the President (EOP).

A
  • Office of Management and Budget
  • Office of Personnel Management (the ones in charge of the written tests)
  • Director of National Intelliegence
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22
Q

How does cabinet seniority relate to seating at cabinet meetings?

A

etermined by the age of the department that one heads. Secretary of State sits on one side of the President and the Secretary of Treasury sits on the other.

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23
Q

Character of Nixon

A

uspicious and nervous of others. Watergate scandal, good at foreign diplomacy

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24
Q

Character of Clinton

A

moderate Democrat, successful until the impeachment scandal with Lewinsky

25
Q

Character of Jimmy Carter

A

utsider” peanut farmer from Georgia, nice guy but not a great President

26
Q

Character of John F Kennedy

A

Hollywood image, not the best husband but lead us through Cuban Missile Crisis and started work on Civil Rights

27
Q

Character of Lyndon Johnson

A

vietnam war took over his presidency. Great Society somewhat a success.

28
Q

What’s the difference between executive privilege and veto power?

A
  • Executive Privilege is withholding information b/c it pertains to national security.
  • Veto is denying a bill from becoming a law.
29
Q

Pocket Veto

A

Does not sign in 10 days and Congress has adjuourned

30
Q

What happens to a bill that sits on the president’s desk for 10 days and he takes no action

A

becomes a law

31
Q

Approximately what percentage of vetoes are overridden

A

very hard to do, only 7%

32
Q

Discuss U.S. v. Nixon

A

No unqualified privilege of Presidential immunity

33
Q

What have been the two key issues facing presidents in the past few decades

A

Economy and foreign affairs

34
Q

How does the impeachment process work?

A

House bring the charges. Senate tries

35
Q

How have presidents been successful in directing decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court?

A

they are able to appoint the members of the S.C. and can sway decisions that way

36
Q

Explain why cabinet members don’t really have a big influence of presidential decision-making.

A

Constitution does not mention them. We have this idea that the Cabinet meets often to help the President make decisions but this is more fiction than fact.

37
Q

What is an executive agreement?

A

an international agreement, usually regarding routine administrative matters not warranting a formal treaty, made by the executive branch of the US government without ratification by the Senate.

38
Q

Why would the president have difficulty controlling cabinet agencies

A

Because each agency is made up of thousands of employees and while he can appoint the head of each agency, there is no way he can control the entire agency.

39
Q

What was the most important and powerful department when our nation was first founded

A

treasury

40
Q

How did appointments to the civil service happen during most of the 19th and 20th centuries?

A

patronage/spoils system

41
Q

Explain the huge increase in the number of federal employees between 1816 and 1861

A

natural growth of our country demanded more federal employees

42
Q

What is the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 designed to protect

A

bureaucrats who wanted to report fraud or abuse without fear of losing their job.

43
Q

Administrative Procedure Act-

A

before adopting a new rule or policy, agency must give notice, solicit comments and often hold hearings

44
Q

Freedom of Information Act

A

citizens have the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence or trade secrets or revealing private personnel actions

45
Q

National Environmental Policy Act

A

before undertaking any major action affecting the environment, and agency must issue an environmental impact statement

46
Q

Privacy Act-

A

government files about individuals, such as Social Security and tax records, must be kept confidential

47
Q

Open Meeting Law

A

every part of every agency meeting must be open to the public unless certain matters such as military or trade secrets are being discussed

48
Q

What group is the most powerful group in Congress in terms of controlling the budget for an agency?

A

Appropriations Committee

49
Q

What is a legislative veto

A

Congress can block a presidential action after it has taken place. SC declared this unconstitutional

50
Q

Red Tape

A

takes forever to get something done

51
Q

Conflict

A

agencies working at cross purposes

52
Q

Dubplications

A

two or more agencies are doing the same thing

53
Q

Imperialism

A

agencies tend to grow irrespective of their costs or benefits

54
Q

Waste

A

spending more than necessary for a product or service

55
Q

Iron Triangle

A

The relationship between interest groups, congressional committees and agencies (bureaucracy) that benefits each party and tries to obtain a common goal

56
Q

What is the main responsibility of the OMB?

A

produce that budget that the President presents to Congress

57
Q

Differentiate between independent regulatory agencies and regulatory commission

A

Regulatory agencies are removed from presidential oversight. They have rulemaking authority and can fine violations

58
Q

How do cabinet departments differ from independent regulatory agencies?

A

Cabinet departments heads are chosen by the President and confirmed by the Senate unlike regulatory agencies. Regulatory agencies have rulemaking authority and can fine violations

AP Gov (3 decks)

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