Presentations week 3 Flashcards
What is Cervical radiculopathy?
It is a condition that occurs when the nerve roots in the neck that provide sensation and motor control to the arms and shoulders are compressed.
What are the risk factors ( age, sex, activity)? CR
Age Group- 40-50 years
Sex- More common in men
Herniated Disc- common in younger patients
Spondylosis- common in older patients
What are signs and symptoms of CR?
Neck and radiating arm pain, numbness, sensory deficits, motor dysfunction in the neck and UE’s
What body parts are effected (anatomy)? CR
Neck
Elbow
Shoulder
Finger
How are these body parts affected? CR
ROM
Muscle weakness
Lowered reflexes
Motor loss
What are some exercises or treatments that can be done for CR?
Chin Tucks
ROM exercises
Isometric exercises
Contrelateral rotation
What is the general idea of treatment for CR?
Maintaining good posture
Increasing ROM
Avoiding heavy lifting
Home modifications
Improving upper body strength
Help to identify barriers
What is Facet Joint Syndrome?
Is a disease where facet joints/zygapophyseal joints become in pain -both local and radiating
Where is the most common FJS?
Lumbar
Cervical
What are Risk factores for FJS
What can lead to This?
Age: 80% of 65 year olds experience low back pain in the states
More common in the elderly
Obesity
History of heavy lifting (certain jobs)
Trauma and Injury
Poor posture
What are signs and symptoms of FJS (cervical/ lumbar)?
Axial neck pain
Pain or limitation of extension and rotation
Tenderness with palpation
Radiating pain locally or into the shoulders or upper back
Chronic low back pain
Sometimes pain in hyperextension
(lumbar)
What body parts affected (anatomy) FJS
Facet Joints - sup and inf articular process
Vertebrae - primarily cervical and lumbar
How are these body parts affected? FJS
Decreased flexion of the spine
Decreased extension of the spine
Decreased rotation of the spine
Pain primarily with extension and rotation
What are some movements that can impact Activities (ADLs) FJS
Bending and twisting
Lower back pain and stiffness- can affect tasks like standing up
avoid extension and rotation
standing for too long or inactivity can worsen condition
What exercise can be done to help improve FJS?
Childs pose
Cat Cow
Pelvic tilts
Knee to chest
What is the overall treatment (OTA/PTA)? FJS
Patient Education/information
Pain relief
Exercises
Resting
Preventing Lumbar Lordosis
What is Cervical Stenosis?
When the cervical spine becomes more narrow, resulting in compression of the spinal cord
What are the causes/risk factors for CS?
Osteoporosis can be a contributing factor
Genetic influence
Trauma: cumulative or instant
Cigarette smoking
Age: Results of spondylosis (degeneration of the cervical spine)
What is the population affected from CS?
older population, 50+ to 70+, is more common in (70+)
More likely in women
Signs and symptoms of CS?
Muscle weakness
Pain in the neck or arms
Arm and leg dysfunction
Weakness, stiffness or clumsiness in the hand’s
Leg weakness
Difficulty walking
Frequent falling
Urinary Incontinence
Diminished proprioception
What body parts are affected (anatomy)? CS
Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves
Veretbrae - C5-6 and C6-7 are most affected
IV discs
Liganebtun flavum
How are these body parts affected? CS
(Physiological)
Spinal Narrowing
Pain
Paretheisa: numbness and tingiling when a nerve is inflamed /damaged
Weakness of UE
What exercises can be done to help improve CS?
Stretch
-Neck flexors
-Pectoral stretch
Strengthen
-Neck and back extensors
-Scapular retraction
Postural exercises
(make sure no extension is happening.)
What Is the general treatment for CS? (OTA/PTA)
Stretching exercises
Heat/Manual Therapy
Training for ADLS
Education/information
Aids/Homemodifcations
TENS
What is Thoracic Hyperkyphosis?
antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine of greater than 40 degrees
What are the risks and causes of THK?
(3 Categories)
3 Categories
Genetics- scheuermann’s disease: Defect of the vertebral body growth plate at the cortical level, resulting in weakened vertebral body and causing wedging
Congenital kyphosis- bone defect
- Poor posture and weakened muscles and ligaments of spine
What Are other risks of THK?
Osteoportic fractures
Dehyrdation of the IV disc
Reduction in back muscles
Improper body mechanics
Body density conditions
What is the population affected by THK?
More common in females
Processes with increased age
greatest risk is for females aged 50–59.
What are the signs and symptoms of THK?
Loss of ROM
Increased stiffness
Pain and dysfunction of spine, shoulders/back and neck pain
Respiratory problems
What body parts are affected? (anatomy) THK
IV discs
Muscle weakness of spinal extensor muscles
Compression fractures
How are these body parts affected? THK (Physiological)
Loss of ROM
Pain and dysfunction of spine and shoulders /Back and neck pain
Respiratory problems
Compression fractures
Exercises that can be done for THK?
Stretching the pectoalis muscles
Prone hip extension
Supine posture knee extension with hip at 90 degree flexion lengthening hamstrings
Prone trunk raise
Prone tunk lift
Chin tucks
Extension
Little changes to sleeping positions
What is the general idea of treatment for THK? (OTA/PTA)
Thoractic manual therapy
Strengthen back extensors
Improve spinal extension mobility
Prevent veretrbal compression fractures
Education
Home modifications
What is Thoracic Scoliosis?
- Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
- Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
- Scoliosis is often defined as spinal curvature in the “coronal” (frontal) plane defined by the Cobb’s angle of spine curvature in the coronal plane and is often accompanied by vertebral rotation in the transverse plane and hyperkyphosis in the sagittal plane
What are the risks/causes of TS?
Three causes-
Idiopathic
-Unknown
-Most common
Congenital
-Present at birth
-Malformation of vertebrae
Neurological
-Cerebral palsy
-Muscular dystrophy
What population is affected by TS?
Most common in teens/childhood or early adolescence - onset of puberty
Most common in females
What are the signs and symptoms of TS?
Sideways curvature of the spine
Sideways body posture
One shoulder raised higher than the other
Local muscular aches
Local ligament pain
Decreasing pulmonary function, major concern in progressive severe scoliosis.
What are the body parts affected by TS?
Vertebral column
IV discs
Ribs
Shoulder joints
Scapular
Trunk muscles
lungs
Physiological functions that are affected by TS?
Respiratory function
Trunk mobility
ROM
Shoulder mobility
Imbalance muscles
Poor posture
Exercises or Treatments for TS?
Braces
Surgical treatment
KLAPP
Schroth exercises de-rotate, elongate and stabilize the spine in a three-dimensional plane
What is the general treatment for TS?
OTA/PTA
MMT
Electrical stimulation
Physical exercises
Education
Aids-brace
Education
Energy conservation
Improve postural control
