presentations of renal disease Flashcards
1
Q
how do we diagnose renal disease? 5
A
- History
- Examination- fluid overload, pallor, rash
- Blood and urine tests- urea and creatinine elevated
- Dipstick protein/ blood
- Imaging- USS renal tract or CT kidneys, ureter, bladder or nuclear medicine scans
2
Q
what are the presentations of AKI? 3
A
- Patient unwell
- Oliguria/anuria (passing less urine than normal/ no urine)
- Disturbances of acid base balance or electrolytes of fluid balance
3
Q
what are the presentations of CKD? 3
A
- Patient often asymptomatic for a long time as there is significant extra capacity (>50% fall in GFR before kidney function tests become abnormal, symptoms only really start to show when GFR<20)
- BP might be high
- Often have other conditions like diabetes or vascular disease
4
Q
what is diabetic nephropathy? 5
A
- Patient will look well
- Slowly progressive condition
- Swelling legs as kidneys can’t get rid of fluid
- Nausea/ vomiting (waste products build up)
- Tiredness/ itching (waste products build up)
5
Q
describe nephrotic syndrome? 7
A
- Generalised oedema
- Low serum albumin
- Proteinuria
- High cholesterol
- Risk of clotting
- Many different causes
- Syndrome not disease
6
Q
describe inflamed kidneys? 4
A
- Blood and protein on a dipstick
- Hypertension
- AKI
- Reduced urine output
7
Q
what is Henoch-Schoenlein purpura? 3
A
- A type of vasculitis affecting the skin, kidneys, bowels
- Often after strep throat
- Usually self-limiting
8
Q
describe how we image renal disease? 11
A
- USS
- Cheap, no radiation, non-invasive
- Can see size and shape of kidneys and bladder
- Can see any blockages
- .
- CT scan
- More detail, good for stones and tumours
- .
- MRI
- Good for arteries
- .
- Nuclear medicine:
- Good for scars, obstruction
- Good for split function
9
Q
how does autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease present as?
A
- Presents as CKD or acute loin pain occasionally
10
Q
how can kidney disease present?5
A
- acute
- chronic
- nephrotic
- nephritic
- loin pain
