Presentations Flashcards
what 2 viruses are often the cause of encephalitis
west nile
herpes
dx for encephalitis
spinal tap
MRI
drugs to tx encephalitis
steroids
antivirals or antibiotics
(zovirax or acyclovir - virals)
inflammation of dura mater, pia mater or arachnoid
meningitis
what can cause meningitis
virus or bacteria (any)
what vaccine can help prevent meningitis
flu
sx of menengitis
stiff neck
horrible unusual HA
photosensitivity
quick onset fever
what 2 signs/tests can test for meningitis
Kernigs
Brudzinkski
what is Kernigs sign
for meningitis - do a 90/90 SLR and see if sx increase
what is Brudzinksi test
flex neck and see if LE flex up
what is a sign/sx of meningitis in babys
bulging fontanel
sluggish
won’t eat
crying alot
how to dx meningitis
lumbar puncture
what population has higher mortality rate with meningitis
children
what is the posture/balance test used with concussion tx
BESS
what causes encephalopathy with concussions
tau protein build up in frontal lobes
4 stages of encephalopathy with concussions
- build up of proteins
- rage depression
- memory loss
- severe dementia
Do mouth guards, helmets, or head gear prevent concussions
no
does a SCI effect ones ability to bear/deliver children
no
what is spacticity
velocity dependent increase in tone
what test is used ONLY for spacticity
modified ashworth
meds used to tx spacticity
baclofen
diazepam
botox
what do you have to be mindful of with muscle relaxants
they decrease tone in ALL muscles, not just the ones with spactisity = can lose overall function
gait abnormalities with spacticity
hip adduction (scissoring)
ankle PF and inv
excessive knee flexion during strike
what does cold/hot do to spacticity
cold helps calm it down, hot can increase
what did the study in the spacticity presentation say about how to tx
FES and PT were better than PT alone for foot drop
what is a surgical option for spacticity
muscle lengthening
what causes seizures in newborns
brain malformity
O2 deficit
mom drug use
what causes seizures in children
fever
tumor
infection
what causes seizures in adults
medical conditions effecting brain
what causes seizures in seniors
stroke
alzheimers
what is general epilepsy
effects both sides of the brain
what is focal epilepsy
effects only 1 side of brain
all seizures have __, __, __
beginning, middle, end
what are the parts of the beginning stage of a seizure
prodrome- this is pre seizure
aura - first component of a seizure
physical changes
sensory and awareness changes
what is prodrome -
not really part of the seizure
sensation or behavior changes that occur days to hours prior to
what is aura
the actual first part of a seizure where the person has an indescribable feeling
mid part of a seizure is aka
ictal
part of the seizure where person cannot talk, they cannot swallow, they may have breathing difficulty, when the actual shaking occurs
middle - ictal
post ictal phase of a seizure
may take hours to complete
person may be confused and groggy
(end stage)
populations epilepsy is most common in
children and elderly
most incidents of epilepsy are
ideopathic
type of epilepsy where there is a cause
symptomatic
gold standard for monitoring/dx epilepsy or seizure
EEG
what are 2 common meds that can cause seizures
antibiotics
antihistimines
what type of diet can be good for epileptics
low carb
high fat
ketogenic
3 implants used in epileptics
deep brain stimulator
vagus nerve stimulator
responsive stimulator -detects impulses and stops
effect of exercise with seizures
can decrease number of and can calm down activity in brain but don’t over do and don’t over heat bc this can trigger stress = seizure
with epileptics, avoid aerobic ex that is how long
over an hour = can increase risk
call 911 if an epileptic has a seizure for over __
5 min
or if they have consecutives with no rest
frontal lobe functions
reasoning
behavior
judgement
pariatal lobe functions
write, read, sense
temporal lobe functions
language and hearing
memory
emotion
brain stem functions
breath
HR
what is fukuda step test
used to determine vestibular disorder
march in place and close eyes, if angle of 30 or more than they may have a vest issue on side they drift towards
most common type of vertigo
bppv
