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YEAR 4 OPTHAM > PRESENTATION OPTHALM - RED EYE > Flashcards

PRESENTATION OPTHALM - RED EYE Flashcards

1
Q

What are some differentials for a Red Eye?
(pass med)

A

Acute angle glaucoma

Anterior uveitis

Scleritis

Conjunctivitis

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Endopthalmitis

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2
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Severe pain (ocular / headache)

Decreased visual acuity

Haloes

semi-dilated pupil

hazy cornea

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3
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Anterior uveitis

A

acute onset

pain

blurred vision

photophobia

small fixed oval pupil, cilliary flush

Cilliary flush

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4
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Scleritis

A

severe pain (often worse on movement)

tenderness

underlying autoimmune disorder e.g. RA

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5
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial : purulent discharge

Viral : clear discharge

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6
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Hx of trauma / coughing bouts

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7
Q

Presentation of a red eye: What are KEY distinguishing features of :

Endophthalmitis

A

red eye

pain

visual loss

post intraocular surgery

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8
Q

What questions should you cover in the history taking of a pt who presents with a red eye?

A

Onset (sudden / gradual)

Location (unilateral, bilateral)

Pain (discomfort/ gritty / FB sensation, itch, deep ache)

Photosensitivity

Watering +/or discharge

Change in vision (blurring / halos / central / peripheral / distortion / double vision etc.)

Trauma

Contact lens use

Previous ocular Hx
PMHx

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9
Q

What cause(s) does a pt presenting with a red eye and describing the below symptoms indicate?

Scratchiness / burning

A

Lid, conjunctival, corneal disorders, foreign body, trichiasis

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10
Q

What cause(s) does a pt presenting with a red eye and describing the below symptoms indicate?

localised lid tenderness

A

Hordeolum
Chalazion

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11
Q

What cause(s) does a pt presenting with a red eye and describing the below symptoms indicate?

Deep intense pain

A

corneal abrasions, scleritis, iritis, acute glaucoma, sinisitus,

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12
Q

What cause(s) does a pt presenting with a red eye and describing the below symptoms indicate?

Photophobia

A

corneal abrasions, iritis, acute glaucoma

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13
Q

What cause(s) does a pt presenting with a red eye and describing the below symptoms indicate?

Halo vision

A

corneal oedema (acute glaucoma, contact lens overwear)

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14
Q

What are useful tools to have on hand when examining a pt with a red eye?

A

Near vision card
Penlight with blue filter
topical anaesthetic
Fluorescein strip
topical mydratic

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15
Q

What will you do when examining a pt with a red eye?

(walk through what you will check systematically)

A

Inspect whole patinet

Visual acuity - each eye + PH

Eyelids

Conjunctiva (bulbar and palpebral)

Cornea (clarity, staining with fluorescein, sensation)

Anterior chamber (depth)

Pupils shape / rxn to light / accomodation

Fundoscopy

Eye movements

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16
Q

What will you do when examining a pt with a red eye?

(walk through what you will check systematically)

A

Inspect whole patient

Visual acuity - each eye + PH

Eyelids

Conjunctiva (bulbar and palpebral)

Cornea (clarity, staining with fluorescein, sensation)

Anterior chamber (depth)

Pupils shape / rxn to light / accomodation

Fundoscopy

Eye movements

17
Q

What is your schema for an acute red eye?

(just categories for now)

A

1) Painful / discomfort

2) Painless

18
Q

Now you have your schema, list differentials for an acute red eye that is PAINFUL

A

Conjunctivitis

Anterior Uveitis

Corneal foreign body

Scleritis

Keratitis

Episcleritis

19
Q

Think of your differentials for an acute red eyes that is PAINFUL

State whether assessment of vision would be normal (N) or Reduced (R)

A

Conjunctivitis - N

Episcleritis - N

Keratitis - R

Anterior Uveitis - N/R

Corneal foreign body - N/R (based on where FB is)

Scleritis - N/R

20
Q

Now you have your schema, list differentials for an acute red eye that is PAINLESS

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

21
Q

Think of your differentials for an acute red eyes that is PAINFLESS

State whether assessment of vision would be normal (N) or Reduced (R)

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhage -N

22
Q

What is your schema for reduced vision + red eye?

(just categories for now)

A

Normal IOP

Increased IOP

23
Q

Think of your differentials for reduced vision + red eye with

NORMAL IOP

A

Many causes but think of:

Corneal abrasion

Keratitis

Endopthalmitis

24
Q

Think of your differentials for reduced vision + red eye with

INCREASED IOP

A

Acute glaucoma

Anterior uveitis

25
Q

What would you see on examination for pt w/ AACG?
(zero to finals)

A

Red-eye
Teary
Hazy cornea
Decreased visual acuity
Dilatation of the affected pupil
Fixed pupil size
Firm eyeball on palpation

YEAR 4 OPTHAM (17 decks)

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