Presentation of renal disease

Question 1

Diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury in adults? (3)

Answer 1

Creatinine rise of 26micromol/L within 48 hours
50% increase in creatinine known or presumed to have occurred within 7 days
Fall in urine output to less than 0.5ml/kg/hr for more than 6 horus

Question 2

Drugs to stop with vomiting/diarrhoeal illness? (4)

Answer 2

ACE inhibitors/ARBs
NSAIDs
Diuretics
Metformin

Question 3

Triad of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 3

Proteinuria + hypoalbuminaemia + oedema

Question 4

When should PCR be used in preference to ACR? (3)

Answer 4

If high levels of protein
In children
In pregnant women

Question 5

Definition: microalbuminuria

Answer 5

ACR > 2.5 (men) or 3.5 (women)

or albumin concentration >20

Question 6

Definition: proteinuria

Answer 6

ACR > 30 or albumin concentration > 200

Question 7

Central features of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 7

Haematuria + proteinuria

Question 8

CKD stages

Answer 8

3A - eGFR 45-59
3B- eGFR 30-44
4- eGFR 15-29
5- eGFR <15 (kidney failure)

Question 9

Presents with fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia

Answer 9

Interstitial nephritis

Question 10

Commonest GN in children?

Answer 10

Minimal change disease

Question 11

How does GN present?

Answer 11

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

GN with underlying malignancy in 10% cases?

Answer 12

Membranous

Question 13

GN classically seen around 2 weeks after streptococcal infection?

Answer 13

Proliferative

Question 14

Causes recurrent haematuria in young men

Answer 14

IgA nepropathy

Question 15

IgA nephropathy shares a histological picture with which illness?

Answer 15

Henoch Schonlein purpura

Question 16

Commonest cause of AKI in children?

Answer 16

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Question 17

Inheritance of APKD?

Answer 17

Autosomal dominant

Question 18

Extra-renal associations of AKPD? (3)

Answer 18

Mitral valve prolapse
SAH/Berry aneurysms
Liver/pancreatic cysts

Question 19

Disease characterised by dilatation of renal collecting tubules?

Answer 19

Medullary sponge kidney

Question 20

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss + haematuria + renal failure

Answer 20

Alport syndrome