Presentation Key Facts

Question 1

Cases of depression, aggressions and violent behaviour have been reported by users of

Answer 1

Anabolic androgenic steroids
In males: AAS results in thinning of the brain cortex and has a high impact on anti-social behaviour
In females: AAS results in thickening of the brain cortex and has a low impact on anti-social behaviour

Question 2

Ovarian steroid hormones have different effects

Answer 2

Estrogen has a positive effect on hippocampus neurogenesis, and dendritic morphology in females. Progesterone has a negative effect on the estrogen induced cell multiplication in females

Question 3

Glucocorticoids are used for autoimmune disease or chronic inflammation but excessive use can lead to

Answer 3

Immuno-deficiency

Question 4

Comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions often coo curing with a primary condition. In Parkinson’s disease, females tend to experience more comorbidities and non motor symptoms than men, although men…

Answer 4

Are more likely to have sexual dysfunction likely due to protective effects of estrogen

Men and women both experience hallucinations

Question 5

Medications for pain management and motor symptoms are_____for men and women with Parkinson’s disease. Medications increase_____ concentrations and the possibility for addition exists

Answer 5

The same

Dopamine

Question 6

Parkinson’s affects men____ as much as women and it linked to being caused by both _____ and _____ factors

Answer 6

Twice

Genetic and environments

(Neurotoxic pollutants and lysosome- related gene mutation)-main cause

Question 7

Puberty is when

Answer 7

A child’s body starts to change physically and hormonal. It is different for boys and girls

Question 8

Females ____ faster than males due to the possible of genetic, social, cross-cultural or delayed/ early pubescent factors

Answer 8

Mature

Question 9

Synthetic estrogen such as those in dairy products have altering affected on____

Answer 9

Female development including earlier puberty, menstruation and maturation

Question 10

Higher levels of estrogen were found to ______ sensitivity to pain while higher levels of testosterone tend to ____ this sensitivity

Answer 10

Increase

Lower

Question 11

During pain, women and men show______ areas of brain activation

Answer 11

Different
Women: greater activity in the midcingulate cortex and insula
Men: greater activity in the supplementary motor area and eft caudate

Question 12

Pain threshold

Pain tolerance

Answer 12

The point at which one starts to feel pain by a stimulus

The maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate before they are unable to continue under the stimulus

Question 13

The endocannabinood system consists of receptors that cannabis can bind to including

Answer 13

CB1 receptors: primarily in the CNS

CB2 receptors: primarily in immune cells

Question 14

Cannabis does alter the ________ of both men and women which can affect fertility

Answer 14

Hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis

Question 15

Due to ethical/ legalization issues there is not enough conclusive research on cannabis and fertility facts

Answer 15

• in Canada: cannabis was legalized on oct 17th, 2018
• approximately 20% of Canadians 15+ reported using cannabis in the last 3 months
• overall, more males use cannabis than females and begin using at a younger age

Question 16

ASD yes s predominantly diagnosed in ___

Answer 16

Males (4 males: 1 female)

Question 17

Females with ASD are often undiagnosed due to

Answer 17

Compensating behaviour and symptom camouflage

Question 18

Individuals with ASD have a much ____ life expectancy due to ____

Answer 18

Lower

Comorbid illnesses and lack of healthcare expertise

Question 19

An ASD diagnosis is important to ensure

Answer 19

Proper treatment, better overall quality of life and longevity

Question 20

The major risk factors of Parkinson’s disease are

Answer 20

1. Gender

Men more than women since estrogen delays onset of PD in women

2. Age

Greater in older age

Question 21

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease would see a decrease in ____ neurons in their brain, which is a hormone that controls movement and coordination

Answer 21

Dopamine

Question 22

_____is found to be vital in the preservation of nigral dopaminergic neruons but it is still found to be very controversial

Answer 22

Estrogen

Question 23

Carbidopa-levodopa medication is most effective approach for treatment of

Answer 23

Parkinson’s disease

Question 24

Xenobiotic

Answer 24

A chemical which is often synthetic that is foreign to the body of a living organism

Question 25

Xenobitoics include

Answer 25

Acetaminophen (Tylenol), pars bens and phthalates (cosmetics)

Question 26

Parabens are considered _______

Answer 26

Xenoestrogens thus mimic hormones such as estrogen and testosterone by binding to receptors and sending unintended signals

Question 27

Xenobiotics discussed can lead to

Answer 27

Pregnancy disorders such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and glucose disorders

Also increase risk for disorders or the reproductive system such as cryptorchidism and infertility in males, as well as breast cancer and endometriosis