Presentation Drugs Flashcards by Kyle Melovich

what is dexamethasone (Decadron) and what does it do?

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and suppresses immune response

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what is methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) and what does it do?

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and immune system activity

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what is prednisone and what does it do?

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system

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what are the 5 S’s of steroids?

the common side effects associated with steroids which are:
1) Sick - easier to get sick
2) Sad - causes depression
3) Sex - decreased libido
4) Salt - retains more, causes weight gain
5) Sugar - raises blood sugar

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what are nursing considerations?

special things to remember and consider before giving the medication

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what are the nursing considerations for dexamethasone (Decadron)(3)?

1) assess for infections before starting
2) monitor blood glucose levels
3) Taper dosage slowly to avoid withdrawal symptoms

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what are the nursing considerations for methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)(3)?

1) monitor for signs of infection
2) watch for signs of fluid retention
3) monitor blood glucose levels especially in diabetics

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what are the nursing considerations associated with Prednisone(4)?

1) monitor blood glucose levels
2) taper off gradually
3) teach patient about infection risk
4) monitor for mood changes

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what is acetaminophen (Tylenol) and what does it do(2)?

1) Analgesic - treats mild pain
2) antipyretic - reduces fever

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what are common side effects associated with acetaminophen?

liver toxicity with overdose

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what are nursing considerations of acetaminophen(2)?

1) max dose = 4g/day
2) assess liver function in chronic users

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what are NSAIDS (Ibprofen, Asprin) and what do they do(2)?

1) analgesic - treats moderate pain
2) anti-inflammatory - reduces inflammation

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what are some common side effects of NSAIDS(3)?

1) GI ulcers
2) kidney damage
3) bleeding risk

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what are nursing considerations associated with NSAIDS(3)?

1) monitor for signs of GI distress
2) Use caution in renal impairment
3) take with food to reduce GI irritation

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what are opioids (Morphine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone) and what do they do?

Analgesics - treats severe pain; blocks receptors in the brain that sense pain

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what are common side effects associated with opioids(3)?

1) constipation
2) drowsiness
3) euphoria

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what are nursing considerations of opioids(4)?

1) monitor respiratory rate
2) watch for signs of constipation and administer PRN laxatives
3) watch for signs of overdose (RR<12/min)
4) prevent constipation with stool softeners

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what is glipizide and what does it do?

antidiabetic medication - extended released PO tablet given for type 2 diabetes to help control blood glucose levels

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what are nursing considerations associated with glipizide?

1) hold if hypoglycemic
2) give 30 minutes before a meal

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what is the onset of rapid acting insulin (Novolog, Humalog)

15 minutes

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what is the onset for regular/short acting insulin?

30-60 minutes

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what is the onset for intermediate acting insulin?

1-2hrs

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what is the onset and duration of long acting insulin?

onset: 3-4hrs
duration: up to 24 hours

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what is glucagon and what does it do?

antidiabetic medication - hormone that increases blood sugar in emergencies

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what are the nursing considerations associated with glucagon?

emergencies medication given to raise blood sugar via IM or PO

what are the symptoms of hypoglycemia(6)?

1) confused 2) sleepy 3) tremors 4) headache 5) cold sweats 6) balance issues

what are the rapid acting insulins?

1) Novolog 2) Humalog 3) Apidra

what are the short acting insulins?

Regular

what are the intermediate insulins?

NPH

what are the long acting insulins(2)?

1) glargine (Lantus) 2) detemir (Levemir)

what is Colace (Docusate sodium)?

stool softener

what are common side effects of docusate sodium?

stomach cramps

what are nursing considerations associated with docusate sodium(2)?

1) encourage increased fluid intake 2) monitor for adequate BMs

what is Atropine/Diphenoxylate?

anti-diarrheal medication

what are common side effects of Atrophine/Diphenoxylate(3)?

1) drowsiness 2) constipation 3) dry mouth

what are nursing considerations associated with Atropine/diphenoxylate?

assess for dehydration

what is Bisacodyl?

laxative

what are common side effects of bisacodyl(3)?

1) stomach cramping 2) diarrhea 3) dehydration

what are nursing considerations of bisacodyl(2)?

1) do not give before bedtime to prevent nocturia 2) monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

what is metoprolol (Lopressor) and what does it do?

Beta-blocker - reduces blood pressure to prevent cardiac arrest and hypertension

what are common side effects of metoprolol(4)?

1) bradycardia 2) hypotension 3) fatigue 4) wheezing

what are the indications for metoprolol(7)?

1) hypertension 2) MI 3) angina 4) A-fib/A-flutter 5) tremors 6) migraines 7) HF

what are the nursing considerations of metoprolol(3)?

1) monitor HR 2) check BP before administration 3) use caution with asthma

what is hydralazine and what does it do?

vasodilator - relieves HTN by opening vessels and reducing pressure

what are common side effects of hydralazine(3)?

1) hypotension 2) tachycardia 3) dizziness

what are the nursing considerations for hydralazine(2)?

1) monitor BP frequently 2) assess for signs of fluid retention

what is furosemide and what does it do?

diuretic - prevents reabsorption of Na, K, and Cl; increases urine output

what is furosemide used for(2)?

1) edema 2) HF

what are the common side effects of furosemide(6)?

1) diuresis 2) orthostatic hypotension 3) dizziness 4) dehydration 5) tachycardia 6) low BP

what are the nursing considerations associated with furosemide(3)?

1) dont give before bed (nocturia) 2) monitor electrolytes (especially potassium) 3) monitor for orthostatic hypotension

what is digoxin and what does it do?

cardiac glycoside - increases heart contractility

what is digoxin used to treat(2)?

1) HF 2) arrythmias

what are common side effects of digoxin?

1) hypotension 2) bradycardia 3) nausea 4) visual disturbances

what are nursing considerations associated with digoxin?

1) hold if HR is below 60 (check AP for 1 minute) 2) check for digoxin toxicity

what is warfarin and what does it do?

anticoagulant (blood thinner) - reduces occurrence of blood clots

what are common side effects of warfarin(3)?

1) bleeding 2) bruising 3) GI upset

what are nursing considerations associated with warfarin(3)?

1) monitor INR levels 1/2 2) teach patients about restricting vitamin K from their diet 3) use caution with other anticoagulants

what is atorvastatin and what does it do?

statin - inhibits synthesis of LDL

what are common side effects associated with atorvastatin(3)?

1) muscle pain 2) liver toxicity 3) GI upset

what are the nursing considerations associated with atorvastatin(3)?

1) monitor liver enzymes 2) assess for muscle pain or weakness 3) take at night for maximum efficiency

what is amoxicillin and what does it do?

antibacterial - works on pneumonia and step-throat

what are common side effects of amoxicillin(3)?

1) GI upset 2) allergic reactions 3) rash

what are nursing considerations associated with amoxicillin?

1) complete full course of therapy 2) assess for allergic reactions

what is fluconazole and what does it do?

antifungal - treats ringworm, thrush, yeast infections, athletes foot

what are the common side effects associated with fluconazole(3)?

1) GI upset 2) headache 3) liver toxicity

what are the nursing considerations associated with fluconazole(2)?

1) monitor liver function 2) assess for improvement in symptoms of fungal infections

what is acyclovir and what does it do?

antiviral - treats varicella, herpes

what are the common side effects of acyclovir(3)?

1) GI upset 2) headache 3) renal toxicity

what are the nursing considerations associated with acyclovir(3)?

1) hydrate patient well 2) monitor kidney function 3) instruct patient to complete the full course