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NURS212 Exam 2 > Presentation Drugs > Flashcards

Presentation Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is dexamethasone (Decadron) and what does it do?

A

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and suppresses immune response

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2
Q

what is methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) and what does it do?

A

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and immune system activity

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3
Q

what is prednisone and what does it do?

A

Corticosteroid: reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system

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4
Q

what are the 5 S’s of steroids?

A

the common side effects associated with steroids which are:
1) Sick - easier to get sick
2) Sad - causes depression
3) Sex - decreased libido
4) Salt - retains more, causes weight gain
5) Sugar - raises blood sugar

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5
Q

what are nursing considerations?

A

special things to remember and consider before giving the medication

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6
Q

what are the nursing considerations for dexamethasone (Decadron)(3)?

A

1) assess for infections before starting
2) monitor blood glucose levels
3) Taper dosage slowly to avoid withdrawal symptoms

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7
Q

what are the nursing considerations for methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)(3)?

A

1) monitor for signs of infection
2) watch for signs of fluid retention
3) monitor blood glucose levels especially in diabetics

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8
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with Prednisone(4)?

A

1) monitor blood glucose levels
2) taper off gradually
3) teach patient about infection risk
4) monitor for mood changes

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9
Q

what is acetaminophen (Tylenol) and what does it do(2)?

A

1) Analgesic - treats mild pain
2) antipyretic - reduces fever

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10
Q

what are common side effects associated with acetaminophen?

A

liver toxicity with overdose

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11
Q

what are nursing considerations of acetaminophen(2)?

A

1) max dose = 4g/day
2) assess liver function in chronic users

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12
Q

what are NSAIDS (Ibprofen, Asprin) and what do they do(2)?

A

1) analgesic - treats moderate pain
2) anti-inflammatory - reduces inflammation

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13
Q

what are some common side effects of NSAIDS(3)?

A

1) GI ulcers
2) kidney damage
3) bleeding risk

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14
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with NSAIDS(3)?

A

1) monitor for signs of GI distress
2) Use caution in renal impairment
3) take with food to reduce GI irritation

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15
Q

what are opioids (Morphine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone) and what do they do?

A

Analgesics - treats severe pain; blocks receptors in the brain that sense pain

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16
Q

what are common side effects associated with opioids(3)?

A

1) constipation
2) drowsiness
3) euphoria

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17
Q

what are nursing considerations of opioids(4)?

A

1) monitor respiratory rate
2) watch for signs of constipation and administer PRN laxatives
3) watch for signs of overdose (RR<12/min)
4) prevent constipation with stool softeners

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18
Q

what is glipizide and what does it do?

A

antidiabetic medication - extended released PO tablet given for type 2 diabetes to help control blood glucose levels

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19
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with glipizide?

A

1) hold if hypoglycemic
2) give 30 minutes before a meal

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20
Q

what is the onset of rapid acting insulin (Novolog, Humalog)

A

15 minutes

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21
Q

what is the onset for regular/short acting insulin?

A

30-60 minutes

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22
Q

what is the onset for intermediate acting insulin?

A

1-2hrs

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23
Q

what is the onset and duration of long acting insulin?

A

onset: 3-4hrs
duration: up to 24 hours

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24
Q

what is glucagon and what does it do?

A

antidiabetic medication - hormone that increases blood sugar in emergencies

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25
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with glucagon?

A

emergencies medication given to raise blood sugar via IM or PO

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26
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoglycemia(6)?

A

1) confused
2) sleepy
3) tremors
4) headache
5) cold sweats
6) balance issues

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27
Q

what are the rapid acting insulins?

A

1) Novolog
2) Humalog
3) Apidra

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28
Q

what are the short acting insulins?

A

Regular

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29
Q

what are the intermediate insulins?

A

NPH

30
Q

what are the long acting insulins(2)?

A

1) glargine (Lantus)
2) detemir (Levemir)

31
Q

what is Colace (Docusate sodium)?

A

stool softener

32
Q

what are common side effects of docusate sodium?

A

stomach cramps

33
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with docusate sodium(2)?

A

1) encourage increased fluid intake
2) monitor for adequate BMs

34
Q

what is Atropine/Diphenoxylate?

A

anti-diarrheal medication

35
Q

what are common side effects of Atrophine/Diphenoxylate(3)?

A

1) drowsiness
2) constipation
3) dry mouth

36
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with Atropine/diphenoxylate?

A

assess for dehydration

37
Q

what is Bisacodyl?

A

laxative

38
Q

what are common side effects of bisacodyl(3)?

A

1) stomach cramping
2) diarrhea
3) dehydration

39
Q

what are nursing considerations of bisacodyl(2)?

A

1) do not give before bedtime to prevent nocturia
2) monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

40
Q

what is metoprolol (Lopressor) and what does it do?

A

Beta-blocker - reduces blood pressure to prevent cardiac arrest and hypertension

41
Q

what are common side effects of metoprolol(4)?

A

1) bradycardia
2) hypotension
3) fatigue
4) wheezing

42
Q

what are the indications for metoprolol(7)?

A

1) hypertension
2) MI
3) angina
4) A-fib/A-flutter
5) tremors
6) migraines
7) HF

43
Q

what are the nursing considerations of metoprolol(3)?

A

1) monitor HR
2) check BP before administration
3) use caution with asthma

44
Q

what is hydralazine and what does it do?

A

vasodilator - relieves HTN by opening vessels and reducing pressure

45
Q

what are common side effects of hydralazine(3)?

A

1) hypotension
2) tachycardia
3) dizziness

46
Q

what are the nursing considerations for hydralazine(2)?

A

1) monitor BP frequently
2) assess for signs of fluid retention

47
Q

what is furosemide and what does it do?

A

diuretic - prevents reabsorption of Na, K, and Cl; increases urine output

48
Q

what is furosemide used for(2)?

A

1) edema
2) HF

49
Q

what are the common side effects of furosemide(6)?

A

1) diuresis
2) orthostatic hypotension
3) dizziness
4) dehydration
5) tachycardia
6) low BP

50
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with furosemide(3)?

A

1) dont give before bed (nocturia)
2) monitor electrolytes (especially potassium)
3) monitor for orthostatic hypotension

51
Q

what is digoxin and what does it do?

A

cardiac glycoside - increases heart contractility

52
Q

what is digoxin used to treat(2)?

A

1) HF
2) arrythmias

53
Q

what are common side effects of digoxin?

A

1) hypotension
2) bradycardia
3) nausea
4) visual disturbances

54
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with digoxin?

A

1) hold if HR is below 60 (check AP for 1 minute)
2) check for digoxin toxicity

55
Q

what is warfarin and what does it do?

A

anticoagulant (blood thinner) - reduces occurrence of blood clots

56
Q

what are common side effects of warfarin(3)?

A

1) bleeding
2) bruising
3) GI upset

57
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with warfarin(3)?

A

1) monitor INR levels 1/2
2) teach patients about restricting vitamin K from their diet
3) use caution with other anticoagulants

58
Q

what is atorvastatin and what does it do?

A

statin - inhibits synthesis of LDL

59
Q

what are common side effects associated with atorvastatin(3)?

A

1) muscle pain
2) liver toxicity
3) GI upset

60
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with atorvastatin(3)?

A

1) monitor liver enzymes
2) assess for muscle pain or weakness
3) take at night for maximum efficiency

61
Q

what is amoxicillin and what does it do?

A

antibacterial - works on pneumonia and step-throat

62
Q

what are common side effects of amoxicillin(3)?

A

1) GI upset
2) allergic reactions
3) rash

63
Q

what are nursing considerations associated with amoxicillin?

A

1) complete full course of therapy
2) assess for allergic reactions

64
Q

what is fluconazole and what does it do?

A

antifungal - treats ringworm, thrush, yeast infections, athletes foot

65
Q

what are the common side effects associated with fluconazole(3)?

A

1) GI upset
2) headache
3) liver toxicity

66
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with fluconazole(2)?

A

1) monitor liver function
2) assess for improvement in symptoms of fungal infections

67
Q

what is acyclovir and what does it do?

A

antiviral - treats varicella, herpes

68
Q

what are the common side effects of acyclovir(3)?

A

1) GI upset
2) headache
3) renal toxicity

69
Q

what are the nursing considerations associated with acyclovir(3)?

A

1) hydrate patient well
2) monitor kidney function
3) instruct patient to complete the full course

70
Q
A

NURS212 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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