Presentation

Question 1

Title page

Answer 1

• My name is Gitanjali Sharma
• Title of our research is: Maintaining contact with family via social media: An analysis of frequency of contact between immediate family members

Question 2

Introduction

Aim

Answer 2

• The aim of the study is to produce a valid and reliable scale that measures the frequency of contact of immediate families that occurs via social media platforms.

Question 3

Introduction

Definition of our construct

Answer 3

• Frequency of contact is defined as the number of times immediate families use social media applications to contact each other

Question 4

Introduction

Previous scales

Answer 4

• Previous scales often produce a broad frequency of family contact score that includes different modes of communication
• For example Nyguen’s scale, the participants were asked ‘How often do you email, talk, write or talk on the telephone with your family’

Question 5

Introduction

Rationale

Answer 5

• However, there is a lack of these scales that specifically measure frequency of family contact that takes place over social media platforms.
• Therefore this study aims to do just this.

Question 6

Methods

Participants

Sample

Answer 6

• After removing some participants due to incompletely survey data, it resulted in the final sample of 36 participants

Question 7

Methods

Participants

Sample

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Answer 7

• Participants were recruited if they:
• A) have immediate family members
• AND
• B)They were 18 and over.
• Participants were excluded if they do not follow this inclusion criteria

Question 8

Methods

Participant Table

Answer 8

• From this table that shows the demographic information of the participants
• The key characteristics of the sample was that 100% were students with an age range of 19-21. Majoirty of them were white and were female.
  *

Question 9

Methods

Frequency of contact scale

Content validity

Answer 9

• Content validity was established through previous qualiative data that I collected from semi-structured interviews.

Question 10

Methods

Frequency of contact scale

Frequent contact

Answer 10

• At the top of our self-report scale, the participants were informed that contacting family more than 3 times a week is considered frequent contact

Question 11

Methods

Frequency of contact scale

Scale details

Answer 11

• The scale consisted of 6 statements relating to frequent contact on a 5-point Likert scale
• 1 meaning they strongly disagre
• 5 meant they strongly agreee

Question 12

Methods

Frequency of contact scale

Example

Answer 12

• Example of statements we used in the scale was
• Item 3: ‘Time zone differences affected the frequency of contact with family via social media platforms’
• We considered that this item may be reversed scored since it is negatively worded.

Question 13

Methods

Average Weekly Time Spent on Social Media -> Validation Scale

Intro - chosen to validate

Answer 13

• The average weekly time spent on social media scale was chosen to validate against our frequency of contact scale

Question 14

Method

Average Weekly Time Spent on Social Media

Reason why we chose

Answer 14

The reason why we chosen this scale was because research shown that sending messages through social media was the most popular method amongst young adults to communicate with their family and friends

Question 15

• Method
• Average Weekly Time Spent on Social Media
• Scale details

Answer 15

• Self report scale
• Items on 3 point scale in which 1 represents spending less than 6 hours on social media weekly whereas 3 means spending more than 15 hours.

Question 16

Methods

Procedure

Answer 16

• This online survey was made using Qualtrics
• The participants first filled in an information sheet, generated a unique code, filled in their demographic information, frequency of contact scale , validation scale and then was debriefed about the study

Question 17

Results

Inital statements

SPSS

Item 3

Answer 17

• All data analysis was conducted using SPSS
• Item 3 was reversed scored

Question 18

Results

Descriptive analysis

Answer 18

• Descriptive analysis was conducted to check the range of response per item in our scale.
• The analysis showed that all the scales had huge variability in response from 1-5.
• Therefore, no items were removed.

Question 19

Results

Item Analysis

Answer 19

• An item analysis was conducted to test the internal consistency of the scale
• This produced a Cronbach alpha of 0.825, which shows good evidence of internal consistency of our scale.

Question 20

Results

Spilt-half reliability

Answer 20

• A spilt-half reliability produced a Guttman-Spilt Half Coefficent of 0.763 which shows evidence of acceptable spilt-half reliability
• This means that two parallel forms of our scale can be used if necessary

Question 21

• Results

Criterion Validity

Answer 21

• For testing criterion validity by using pearson’s correlation coefficient, it showed that there was no significant relationship between the total scores of our validation score and the frequency of contact scale.

Question 22

Discussion

Aim + Findings

Answer 22

• •The results partially supported the aims of the study was reliable but not valid – showing that average time spent on social media construct is not related to frequency of contact construct.

Question 23

Discussion

Limitation

Answer 23

• •This limitation can be explained with literature as it shows that majority of individuals use social media for a wide variety of function, not just for communication (which was implied in our study) , such as information seeking and entertainment. (Whiting & Williams, 2013).

Question 24

Discussion

Future research

Answer 24

• •An idea for future research if the scale should be valid is answering this research question on how has frequency of family contact has been affected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• There has been a study by Van Tilburg et al. (2021) that investigated frequent contact during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to family and friends, but there has not been a study that investigates the frequency of contact before and during the pandemic in relation to their family members.