PRESENT TENSES

Question 1

Simple present (structure and use)

Answer 1

Structure: subject + verb (-s, -es, ies) + complement. If is a negative sentence, we use do(es) + not.
Use: to express something we see as permanent or unchanging—> a fact (water boils at 100 c) , a habit (he eats a lot of junk food), a routine (Joana calls her sister every day).

Question 2

Present continuous

Answer 2

Structure: subject + verb to be + verb + ing.
Use:
- Something happening in the time of speaking (I’m waiting for the train to come).
- A temporary situation (Juan’s working for a bank at the moment, but he wants to change careers).
- Something happening around the time of speaking (She’s trying to find a new job).
- A currently changing situation (the future of some animals is becoming less certain).

Question 3

Present perfect simple

Answer 3

Structure: subject + auxiliary verb to have/has + verb in past participle
Use: to expresse a conection between the past and the present
- When the past even has an impact on, or relevance in the present.
- When something started in the past and continuous into the present.

Question 4

Present perfect continuous

Answer 4

Structure: subject + have/has been + verb - ing
Use: we use when we want to emphasize the duration of the event.
- Past events that have an impact on the present.
- Repeated past events that have an impact on the present.

Question 5

Difference between present perfect and simple past

Answer 5

Look if the action has already finished:
—> yes: simple past
—> no: present perfect (still have impact on the present).