Present Perfect

Question 1

UNFINISHED USE

Answer 1

An activity or state which begins in the past and continuous up to the moment of speaking. Adverbials are obligatory. IMPERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 2

HABIT

Answer 2

A habit or a repeated event in a period of time leading up to the present. The action may go on into the future. (Usually shown by adv of frequency). IMPERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 3

FINISHED USED

Answer 3

An action that began and finished in the past, we are interested in the results of the action. The time is not specified at all. PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 4

IMMEDIATE INDEF. PAST TIMELINE

Answer 4

An activity completed in the immediate recent indefinite past time. The action took place a short time ago. (Adv: just, lately, recently) PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 5

HAPPENED OR NOT

Answer 5

Action that happened or not before now, at an indefinite unspecified time in the past. The exact time is not important. PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 6

INCOMPLETE PERIOD OF TIME

Answer 6

An action was completed during an present incomplete period of time. The period of time is not over at the moment of speaking. PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 7

NUMBER OF TIMES

Answer 7

Specific number of times we have completed or done something in the past time. The exact time is not important. PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING

Question 8

FUTURE

Answer 8

Convey future time reference. (Especially in adverbial clauses of time and condition). PERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL MEANING